Loratadine: multiple-dose pharmacokinetics

Abstract

The steady-state pharmacokinetics of loratadine (L), a new long-acting antihistamine devoid of CNS activity, was investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers. Each volunteer received 40-mg L capsules q24h for ten days. Blood samples were collected at various times on day 1, 5, 7, and 10 and assayed for L by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and for descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL), a known active metabolite, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plasma L and DCL concentration-time data in the disposition phases were fitted to a biexponential equation for pharmacokinetic analysis. Steady-state plasma L Cmax concentrations were reached at 1.5 hour (Tmax) after each dose. DCL steady-state Cmax values ranged 26 to 29 ng/mL at a Tmax ranging from 1.8 to 3 hours. The AUC at steady state, AUC tau, was 80 to 96 and 349 to 421 h X ng/mL for L and DCL, respectively. The accumulation indexes (Ra) based on AUC tau ratios, did not change for either compound after day 5. Ra values for L and DCL after the fifth dose were 1.4 and 1.9, respectively, indicating that there is little accumulation of either L or DCL after a multiple (once-a-day) dosage regimen. The t1/2 beta at steady state were 14.4 and 18.7 hours for L and DCL, respectively, which were similar to those reported following a single-dose L administration. Observed plasma drug concentrations were in good agreement with predicted values derived for pharmacokinetic parameters.