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. 2018 Mar 27;3(3):CD012579.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012579.pub2.

Oral versus inhaled antibiotics for bronchiectasis

Sally Spencer  1 , Lambert M Felix, Stephen J Milan, Rebecca Normansell, Pieter C Goeminne, James D Chalmers, Tim Donovan
Affiliations

Oral versus inhaled antibiotics for bronchiectasis

Sally Spencer et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by a recurrent cycle of respiratory bacterial infections associated with cough, sputum production and impaired quality of life. Antibiotics are the main therapeutic option for managing bronchiectasis exacerbations. Evidence suggests that inhaled antibiotics may be associated with more effective eradication of infective organisms and a lower risk of developing antibiotic resistance when compared with orally administered antibiotics. However, it is currently unclear whether antibiotics are more effective when administered orally or by inhalation.

Objectives: To determine the comparative efficacy and safety of oral versus inhaled antibiotics in the treatment of adults and children with bronchiectasis.

Search methods: We identified studies through searches of the Cochrane Airways Group's Specialised Register (CAGR), which is maintained by the Information Specialist for the group. The Register contains trial reports identified through systematic searches of bibliographic databases including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, and PsycINFO, and handsearching of respiratory journals and meeting abstracts. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO trials portal. We searched all databases in March 2018 and imposed no restrictions on language of publication.

Selection criteria: We planned to include studies which compared oral antibiotics with inhaled antibiotics. We would have considered short-term use (less than four weeks) for treating acute exacerbations separately from longer-term use as a prophylactic (4 weeks or more). We would have considered both intraclass and interclass comparisons. We planned to exclude studies if the participants received continuous or high-dose antibiotics immediately before the start of the trial, or if they have received a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), sarcoidosis, active allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or active non-tuberculous Mycobacterial infection.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently applied study inclusion criteria to the searches and we planned for two authors to independently extract data, assess risk of bias and assess overall quality of the evidence using GRADE criteria. We also planned to obtain missing data from the authors where possible and to report results with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main results: We identified 313 unique records through database searches and a further 21 records from trial registers. We excluded 307 on the basis of title and abstract alone and a further 27 after examining full-text reports. No studies were identified for inclusion in the review.

Authors' conclusions: There is currently no evidence indicating whether orally administered antibiotics are more beneficial compared to inhaled antibiotics. The recent ERS bronchiectasis guidelines provide a practical approach to the use of long-term antibiotics. New research is needed comparing inhaled versus oral antibiotic therapies for bronchiectasis patients with a history of frequent exacerbations, to establish which approach is the most effective in terms of exacerbation prevention, quality of life, treatment burden, and antibiotic resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

SS: is the lead applicant on a grant from Edge Hill University that provides support staff for a number of bronchiectasis reviews. She is also an editor with the Cochrane Airways Group.

LF: none known

SM: none known

RN: is Joint Co‐ordinating Editor with the Cochrane Airways Group.

PCG: has received lecture fees from Novartis, Chiesi, Eurogenerics, Astra Zeneca and Boehringer and received travel accommodation from Chiesi and Novartis.

JDC: has received research funding from Astrazeneca and Pfizer, and has received lecture fees or served on advisory boards for Bayer, Griffols, Astrazeneca, Pfizer, Napp and Chiesi.

Figures

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1
Study flow diagram
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

References

References to studies excluded from this review

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NCT01313624 2011 {published data only}
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Soyza 2015 {published data only}
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Tabernero 2012 {published data only}
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Terpstra 2016 {published data only}
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Twiss 2008 {published data only}
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