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. 2018 Mar 27;14(1):110.
doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1429-9.

Isolation, molecular characterization and sero-prevalence study of foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in central Ethiopia

Mishamo Sulayeman  1 , Fufa Dawo  2 , Bedaso Mammo  2 , Daniel Gizaw  3 , Dereje Shegu  3
Affiliations

Isolation, molecular characterization and sero-prevalence study of foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in central Ethiopia

Mishamo Sulayeman et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: Ethiopian livestock production and productivity is still very low due to widespread of diseases. Among the diseases, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious and acute viral disease that causes significant economic problems in the country. A cross sectional study design was conducted from September 2015 to May 2016 to isolate and characterize FMD virus from outbreak cases; determine the sero-prevalence of antibodies against FMD virus (FMDV), and assess potential risk factors associated with sero-prevalence of the disease in selected areas of central Ethiopia. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select the study animals. Isolated viruses were characterized by antigen ELISA (IZLER, Brescia, Italy) and by genetic analysis of the sequence of the viral protein 1 (VP1). Sero-prevalence was determined using an ELISA for antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV based on the 3ABC proteins (ID Screen® FMD NSP Competition, ID-VET, Grabels, France). Risk factors for sero-prevalence of antibodies against FMD virus was investigated using logistic regression analysis.

Result: From outbreak investigation, 28.8% (n = 378) cattle showed signs and lesions suggestive of FMD and 34 samples were subjected to virus isolation. Twenty eight of these cultures exhibited cytopathic effect (CPE) and were serotyped as O, A and SAT 2 FMD viruses. One A and two SAT 2 isolates named A-ETH-19-2015, SAT 2-ETH-18-2015 and SAT 2-ETH-20-2015 were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis. The overall sero-prevalence of antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMDV was 24.2% (n = 574). Cattle herds with crossbreed cattle, with older cattle (> 2 years), and kept together with small ruminants had higher sero-prevalences of antibodies against FMDV (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: This study showed that FMD was present in the study areas. Among the associated risk factors, breed, age and herd composition were significantly associated with presence of antibodies against FMD virus. Three different serotypes (A, O and SAT 2) were responsible for the outbreaks of the disease. Genetic analysis indicated that the isolated viruses clustered differently from previous outbreaks. Thus, further molecular analyses coupled with protection potential of the existing vaccines against the isolates should be performed.

Keywords: Cattle; Central Ethiopia; FMD; Molecular characterization; Risk factors; Sero-prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethical approval and consent for this study was obtained from Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture Minutes of Animal Research Ethics and Review committee (Reference AREC001/2016). Verbal consent was also obtained from the farm managers to take samples from their cattle and for further research use of the samples.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study area
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Serotype SAT 2 phylogenetic tree
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Serotype A phylogenetic tree
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Sero-prevalence of antibodies against FMDV among different age groups in dairy cattle in and around Adama and Asella towns
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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