TeleMental Health: Standards, Reimbursement, and Interstate Practice [Formula: see text]

Abstract

Background: TeleMental Health (TMH) is gaining widespread acceptance in the United States.

Objective: Summarize current evidence regarding TMH risks and benefits, standards of care, practice guidelines, reimbursement, and interstate practice issues pertinent to psychiatric nurses and consumers.

Design: A targeted review of literature, current practice, and TMH websites was generated using the following key search words: clinical outcomes, practice guidelines, regulations, interstate practice, and reimbursement for TMH. A search of government and professional organization websites and a literature review of PubMed and PsychINFO databases was limited to the past 15 years.

Results: Studies demonstrate TMH services are equal in efficacy to that provided in face-to-face encounters and preferred by some populations. Current TMH practice guidelines, reimbursement, and regulatory issues are reviewed.

Conclusions: Providers, including psychiatric advanced practice registered nurses, can use TMH to effectively address the growing need for mental health services, although regulatory, licensure, and clinical issues must be addressed prior to offering TMH services.

Keywords: interstate practice; outcomes; practice guidelines; reimbursement; standards; telemental health.