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. 2018 Feb 1;36(1):76-81.
doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.01.015.

[Experimental research on Arginine-gingipain A gene vaccine from Porphyromonas gingivalis that prevents peri-implantitis in Beagle dogs]

[Article in Chinese]
Li Chuanhua  1 , Wang Zhifeng  2 , Zhu Lina  2 , Fan Xin  3 , Lan Jing  1
Affiliations

[Experimental research on Arginine-gingipain A gene vaccine from Porphyromonas gingivalis that prevents peri-implantitis in Beagle dogs]

[Article in Chinese]
Li Chuanhua et al. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Objective: This study aims to use Arginine-gingipain A gene vaccine (pVAX1-rgpA) to immunize adult Beagle dogs and to evaluate its effect during peri-implantitis progression and development.

Methods: Plasmid pVAX1-rgpA was constructed. The second and third bilateral mandible premolars of 15 adult Beagle dogs were extracted, and the implants were placed immediately. After 3 months, the animals were randomly divided into groups A, B, and C. Afterward, the animals were immunized thrice with plasmid pVAX1-rgpA, with heat-killed Porphyromonas gingivalis, or pVAX1, respectively. IgG in the serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after 2 weeks of immunization. Peri-implantitis was induced with cotton ligatures fixed around the neck of implants. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing were recorded. All animals were sacrificed after ligaturation for 6 weeks. Decalcified sections with thickness of 50 μm were prepared and dyed with methylene blue to observe the bone phenotype around implants.

Results: Levels of serum IgG and sIgA in saliva were higher in groups A and B after immunization than before the process (P<0.05) and higher than those in group C (P<0.05). However, no difference was observed between groups A and B (P>0.05). At 4 and 6 weeks after ligaturation, PD of the ligatured side in group C was higher than that in groups A and B (P<0.05). On the other hand, no difference was identified between groups A and B (P>0.05). Bone loss in group A was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P<0.05). Abundant inflammatory cells and bacteria were present in the bone loss area around the implants in the three groups, as identified through hard tissue section observation. However, group C presented the most number of inflammatory cells and bacteria in the bone loss area around the implants.

Conclusions: IgG and sIgA can be generated by immunity with rgpA DNA vaccine, which can significantly slow down bone loss during experimental peri-implantitis in dogs.

目的 构建牙龈卟啉单胞菌精氨酸特异性牙龈素基因疫苗pVAX1-rgpA，并对成年犬进行免疫接种，观察该疫苗在防治种植体周围炎发生发展中的作用。方法 构建真核表达质粒pVAX1-rgpA。拔除15只成年犬下颌双侧第二、三前磨牙，随机即刻植入种植体。3个月后，实验犬随机均分成A、B、C组，分别接种重组质粒pVAX1-rgpA、热失活牙龈卟啉单胞菌、空白质粒pVAX1，连续接种3次。接种开始前、接种结束2周后采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清IgG和唾液分泌型IgA（sIgA）含量。随机选取一侧采用丝线结扎法构建种植体周围炎，并检测种植体周探诊深度（PD）和探诊出血指数（BOP）。结扎6周后处死所有动物，制作50 μm厚的硬组织切片，亚甲基蓝染色后观察种植体周骨丧失程度。结果 A、B组动物免疫后，IgG、sIgA抗体较未免疫前明显增高（P<0.05），同时较C组升高（P<0.05），但A、B组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。丝线结扎第4和6周时，C组结扎侧的PD明显高于A、B组（P<0.05），A、B组间差异无明显统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组结扎侧骨丧失量明显小于其他两组（P<0.05）。硬组织切片可见，各组种植体周骨丧失区均有大量的炎症细胞和细菌存在，C组结扎侧最严重。结论 精氨酸特异性牙龈素（rgpA）基因疫苗产生的IgG和sIgA，能有效减弱犬种植体周围炎的骨丧失量。.

Keywords: Arginine-gingipains; Porphyromonas gingivalis; dental implant; gene vaccine; peri-implantitis.

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Figures

图 1
图 1. 垂直向骨丧失示意图
Fig 1 Schematic diagram of vertical bone loss a：种植体颈部有涂层处开始至骨丧失区最底端的距离。
图 2
图 2. 种植体植入3个月时的临床观察及X线检查
Fig 2 Clinical observation and the radiographs of implants and alveolar bone after three months A：种植体周牙龈呈深红色，质韧而有弹性，无炎症表现；B：X线检测见种植体与骨间结合良好，无明显骨丧失。
图 3
图 3. 丝线结扎后6周时，3组动物的临床观察（上）及X线检查（下）情况
Fig 3 Clinical observation (the top graphs) and the radiographs (the bottom graphs) of three groups after six weeks A：A1组种植体周软组织炎症明显；B：B1组炎症较A1组更加明显，红肿出血；C：C1组一些种植体螺纹暴露在口腔中，炎症较其他两组更重；D：A1组种植体周见小面积透射区域；E：B1组种植体周见明显弹坑状透射区域；F：C1组种植体颈部透射面积较其他两组更大。
图 4
图 4. A1、B1、C1组的硬组织切片观察
Fig 4 The histological images of A1, B1, C1 groups 左：A1组的骨丧失量最小；中：B1组种植体周围可见明显的颊舌侧骨丧失；右：C1组可见明显的垂直向和水平向的骨丧失，种植体周有大量炎症细胞存在。
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