Persistent anxiety and in-hospital complications after acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effects of pre-event persistent anxiety on in-hospital complications and length of stay (LOS) in patients who experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This was a prospective study with patients seeking treatment for ACS events. Anxiety was measured 2 times before the event in 600 patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients were followed for 2 years or until they developed an ACS event. 120 patients developed ACS events (rate 20%). Complications and LOS were abstracted from medical records.

Results: Persistently non-anxious patients have lower anxiety scores at 3 months follow-up than baseline (mean [standard deviation (SD)], 6.1 [0.24] vs. 3.9 [0.95], P <0.01). Patients with persistent anxiety had significantly higher complication rates than non-anxious patients (mean [SD], 0.71 [0.12] vs. 0.15 [0.11], P <0.05). In a multiple logistic regression, persistent anxiety was an independent predictor of complications. Patients who were persistently anxious were at 5 times higher risk for developing complications (odds ratio = 5.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.27-38.8, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Anxiety measured up to 2 years before an ACS event was predictive of in-hospital complications. Clinicians caring for patients with CHD need to be as equally aware of the importance of assessing and treating persistent anxiety as clinicians caring for patients hospitalized for an ACS.

Keywords: Anxiety; acute coronary syndrome; complications; length of stay.