[Prevalence and relations of orthostatic hypotension in patients 80 years old and over from a primary care unit]
- PMID: 29609870
- PMCID: PMC6837008
- DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2017.12.003
[Prevalence and relations of orthostatic hypotension in patients 80 years old and over from a primary care unit]
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients 80 years old and over attending a primary care unit. To relate OH to the most prevalent pathologies and to the most used drugs.
Design: Transversal observational study.
Location: Primary care unit, Santiago de Compostela.
Participants: Eighty one patients 80 years old or over representative of a primary care unit were recruited. Ten patients were excluded.
Main measurements: Blood pressure was measured in decubitus and later in erect position first immediately after standing and then after 3 minutes. Diagnoses and active treatments were reviewed in the electronic clinical history and through an interview with the patient and caregiver.
Results: In 26.76% of patients the systolic blood pressure fell by 20mmHg or more and/or the diastolic blood pressure fell by 10mmHg in the instant following the postural shift. In 16.90% of patients the drop persisted after 3 minutes of standing from decubitus position. None of the patients was diagnosed with OH. The highest prevalence ratio was observed for diabetes mellitus (1.6; P=.412), not existing differences for arterial hypertension (P=.881). OH related in a statistically meaningful way to the use of renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (OR: 8.174, CI95%: 1.182-56.536); P=.033] and benzodiazepines (OR: 5.938, CI95%: 1.242-28.397; P=.026)].
Conclusion: OH had a prevalence of 16.90% among the elderly patients who had a consultation. Its connection with some drugs (renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors and benzodiazepines) must be considered.
Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de la hipotensión ortostática (HO) en pacientes de 80 o más años de edad que demandan consulta en una unidad de atención primaria. Relacionar la HO con las enfermedades más prevalentes y los fármacos más consumidos.
Diseño: Transversal observacional.
Localización: Unidad de atención primaria, Santiago de Compostela.
Participantes: Se reclutaron 81 pacientes de 80 o más años representativos de una unidad de atención primaria. Se excluyeron 10 pacientes.
Mediciones principales: Se realizó la medición de la presión arterial en decúbito y posteriormente en bipedestación en el instante siguiente a la incorporación y tras 3 min. Se revisaron en la historia clínica electrónica los diagnósticos y los tratamientos activos mediante una entrevista al paciente y cuidador.
Resultados: En un 26,76% de los pacientes se produjo un descenso mayor o igual de 20 mmHg en la presión arterial sistólica y/o 10 mmHg en la presión arterial diastólica, en el instante siguiente al cambio postural. El descenso se mantuvo tras 3 min de la incorporación de decúbito a bipedestación en el 16,90% de los pacientes. Ningún paciente estaba diagnosticado de HO. La mayor razón de prevalencia se dio con la diabetes mellitus (1,6; p = 0,412), no habiendo diferencias para la hipertensión arterial (p = 0,881). La HO se relacionó de forma estadísticamente significativa con la toma de bloqueadores de sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (OR: 8,174; IC95%: 1,182-56,536; p = 0,033) y benzodiacepinas (OR: 5,938; IC95%: 1,242-28,397; p = 0,026).
Conclusión: La HO tuvo una prevalencia del 16,90% en los pacientes de edad avanzada que acudieron a consulta. Debe tenerse en cuenta su relación con algunos fármacos (bloqueadores de sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona y benzodiacepinas).
Keywords: Atención primaria; Benzodiacepinas; Benzodiacepines; Edad avanzada; Elderly; Hipotensión ortostática; Orthostatic hypotension; Primary Care.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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