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. 2018 Apr 3;8(1):5586.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23986-z.

Characterization of Population Genetic Structure of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in China

Shaokui Yi  1   2 , Yanhe Li  3 , Linlin Shi  1 , Long Zhang  1 , Qingbin Li  1 , Jing Chen  4
Affiliations

Characterization of Population Genetic Structure of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in China

Shaokui Yi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is one of the most economically important farmed aquatic species in China. However, it is also a famous invasive species in the world. This invasive species was dispersed most via human activities including intentional or unintentional carry in China. Thus, P. clarkii naturally distributed in China provides us a desirable mode to investigate the genetic structure of an invasive species dispersed mainly by human-mediated factors. To reveal the impact of human-mediated dispersal on genetic structure of P. clarkii in China, a total of 22,043 genome-wide SNPs were obtained from approximately 7.4 billion raw reads using 2b-RAD technique in this study. An evident pattern of population genetic structure and the asymmetrical migrational rates between different regions were observed with 22 populations based on these SNPs. This study provide a better understanding of the population genetic structure and demographic history of P. clarkii populations in China, inferring that anthropogenic factors (aquaculture or by accident) and ecological factors (e.g., complicated topography and climatic environment), as well as its special biological traits could account for the current population structure pattern and dispersal history of P. clarkii.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Population genetic structure of the 221 P. clarkii individuals. Analyses with STRUCTURE show the clustering of individuals into 4 and 13 groups. The proportion of the individual’s genome from each ancestral population is shown by the length of each colored segment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The principal components plots of 221 individuals in Yangtze River basin based on the 1st an 2nd eigenvectors. The different colors represent the different crayfish populations. The dashed circles indicate the individuals from the lower reaches of Yangtze River basin and Huai River basin, respectively.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Neighbor-joining trees of the 22 crayfish populations (A) and the 211 individuals (B). The different colors in (B) indicate the individuals from different populations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Estimates of the migration (M and θ) (A) and skyline plots among three geographic regions of crayfish (B). Θ represents the mutation-scaled population size, and the value M in (A) indicates the mutation-scaled migration rate. Θ1, θ2, θ3 represents the population sizes of Huai River, lower reaches and UM regions of Yangtze River basin, respectively. The map in (A) was generated by ArcGIS 10.2.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The morphological divergence of carapace width in the eight populations. The symbols below the diagonal in the top right corner represent the significance level in ANOVA. N indicates P > 0.05; asterisk indicates P < 0.05.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Geographic locations of 22 P. clarkii populations collected for 2b-RAD in China. The map was generated using ArcGIS 10.2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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