The epidemiology of medical care utilization by severely-disabled independently-living adults

Abstract

A prospective study of the medical care utilization experience of 205 severely-disabled independently-living adults in Eastern Massachusetts shows that there was a mean of 0.83 +/- 1.26 hospital admissions, 9.9 +/- 22.7 hospital days, 1.5 +/- 2.31 emergency room (ER) visits, and 26.88 +/- 44.4 outpatient contacts per person per year. Among those hospitalized, the mean experience was 16.2 +/- 27.1 days per person per year; mean length-of-stay was 9.3 +/- 14.7 days per admission. Regression analysis indicates that those with spinal cord injuries as major disabling conditions were significantly more likely to be hospitalized. So were those with lower self-assessments of health, higher levels of depressions, and more baseline ER visits. Self-assessment of health is a significant predictor of hospital days for the total cohort (including those with no admissions); so are age at onset of disability (greater age; higher risk), and bed disability days in the month before the baseline survey (more disability days; higher risk). Among those hospitalized, the total number of days hospitalized is significantly related to both age at onset of disability (later onset; more days) and baseline days hospitalized (greater number; more days). Lengths-of-stay are significantly related to two factors; age and age at onset of disability (in both cases, greater age associated with longer stays). Prior ER visits are a significant predictor of subsequent ER visits (more baseline; more subsequent); so are respondents' reported satisfaction with their participation in their medical care (lower reported satisfaction; more ER visits), organizational affiliations, and frequencies of contacts with friends or relatives. Higher levels of social interaction (i.e. organizational affiliation and more frequent social contacts) were associated with more ER visits. Prior contacts with physicians, nurse-practitioners, or physician-assistants was the most powerful predictor of subsequent outpatient contacts (more baseline; more subsequent). There were also significant relationships between subsequent contacts and respondents' assessments of their health relative to others with similar disabilities (relatively worse health; more contacts), age (greater age; more contacts), and baseline ER visits (more visits; more contacts).