Zinc Deficiency

Excerpt

Zinc is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as in gene transcription. This micronutrient is critical for numerous physiological processes, including reproduction, immune function, and wound healing. At the cellular level, zinc is indispensable for the normal function of macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and the complement system.

Despite being one of the most abundant trace elements in the human body, zinc cannot be stored in significant amounts and therefore requires regular dietary intake or supplementation to maintain adequate levels. Dietary sources include meat, fish, legumes, nuts, and other plant-based sources, although absorption efficiency varies depending on the food matrix.

Zinc deficiency is a major global health concern, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization recognizes zinc deficiency as a significant contributor to global disease burden. Clinically, manifestations include growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, impaired immune response, inflammation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and cutaneous lesions.