Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Coronary Artery Disease: From the Korean Women's Chest Pain Registry

Abstract

Background: Although coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important comorbidity, the influence of CAD on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is not clear. This study aims to assess differences in the relationship between CAD and LVDD according to sex and comorbidities.

Materials and methods: A total of 1109 consecutive patients who visited an outpatient clinic with chest pain were included. The outcomes in 295 men and 295 women were compared after propensity score 1:1 matching. The evaluation of LVDD was based on guidelines recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography. The presence and severity of obstructive CAD was assessed by coronary angiography.

Results: After propensity score matching, both men and women were well balanced, with no significant differences of baseline covariates. Differences in diastolic functional parameters according to CAD severity were observed only in women (three parameters of LVDD except e' velocity, p < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression for matched pair data demonstrated that CAD severity was associated with the presence of LVDD only in women (odds ratio 1.919, 95% confidence interval 1.343-2.741, p < 0.001). Interaction between sex and severity of CAD was significant (p = 0.025).

Conclusions: The association of LVDD and CAD severity was observed only in women. Myocardial ischemia may be a potential pathophysiology for higher prevalence of LVDD and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women.

Keywords: coronary artery disease; diastolic dysfunction; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; sex; women.