Dietary Patterns Associated with Cognitive Function among the Older People in Underdeveloped Regions: Finding from the NCDFaC Study

Abstract

Although dietary patterns are crucial to cognitive function, associations of dietary patterns with cognitive function have not yet been fully understood. This cross-sectional study explored dietary patterns associated with cognitive function among the older adults in underdeveloped regions, using 1504 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and over. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and 24-h dietary recall. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Two dietary patterns, a "mushroom, vegetable, and fruits" (MVF) pattern and a "meat and soybean products" (MS) pattern, were identified. The MVF pattern, characterized by high consumption of mushrooms, vegetables, and fruits was significantly positively associated with cognitive function (p < 0.05), with an odds ratio of (95% CIs) 0.60 (0.38, 0.94) for cognitive impairment and β (95% CIs) 0.15 (0.02, 0.29) for -log (31-MMSE score). The MS pattern, characterized by high consumption of soybean products and meat, was also associated with better cognitive function, with an odds ratio of 0.47 (95% CIs 0.30, 0.74) for cognitive impairment and β (95% CIs) 0.34 (0.21, 0.47) for -log (31-MMSE score). Our results suggested that both the MVF and MS patterns were positively associated with better cognitive function among older adults in underdeveloped regions.

Keywords: cognitive function; dietary pattern; factor analysis; older adults.

Figure 1

Association of quartile scores for dietary patterns with cognitive function using multiple linear regression ^a,b,c. ^a data shown are β coefficients of quartile scores for cognitive function. ^b The original MMSE score was transformed as –log (31-MMSE score). ^c Models were adjusted for age, sex, education years, marital status, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, energy intake, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, obesity, ADL disability, high cholesterol, and high triglyceride. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ADL: Activities of daily living; Q: Quartile; MVF = mushrooms, vegetables, fruits; MS = meat, soybeans; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.