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. 2018 Apr 10:15:24.
doi: 10.1186/s12986-018-0263-1. eCollection 2018.

Effect of low energy diet for eight weeks to adults with overweight or obesity on folate, retinol, vitamin B12, D and E status and the degree of inflammation: a post hoc analysis of a randomized intervention trial

Nina Rica Wium Geiker  1 , Mette Veller  2 , Louise Kjoelbaek  2 , Jette Jakobsen  3 , Christian Ritz  2 , Anne Raben  2 , Arne Astrup  2 , Janne Kunchel Lorenzen  2 , Lesli H Larsen  2 , Susanne Bügel  2
Affiliations

Effect of low energy diet for eight weeks to adults with overweight or obesity on folate, retinol, vitamin B12, D and E status and the degree of inflammation: a post hoc analysis of a randomized intervention trial

Nina Rica Wium Geiker et al. Nutr Metab (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: Obesity is associated with vitamin insufficiency and low grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on folate, retinol, vitamin B12, D and E status and the degree of inflammation.

Methods: Out of 110, 85 individuals (75% women) aged 39 ± 11 years with a mean ± SD BMI of 33 ± 4 kg/m2, completed an eight-week low energy diet (LED). Serum concentration of folate, retinol, B12, D and E and C-reactive protein and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured at baseline and at end of the LED.

Results: At baseline, 8% of the participants were deficient in folate, 13% in vitamin B12, 2% in retinol, 28% in vitamin D (72% were insufficient in vitamin D), and none were deficient in vitamin E. At baseline, BMI was inversely associated with retinol (P < 0.05) as was total and abdominal fat percentage with folate (P < 0.05); further BMI and measures of adiposity were positively associated with CRP (P < 0.01) and Hcy (P < 0.05). Homocysteine was inversely associated with all vitamins but retinol (P < 0.001). After the LED, the participants lost a mean [95% confidence intervals] of 12.3 [- 13.1,-11.6] kg. The serum concentration of folate, vitamin B12 and D were increased (P < 0.001) after the LED whereas the concentration of retinol and vitamin E were reduced (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Eight-weeks LED resulted in 13% weight loss and an increase in the serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B12 and D. Baseline adiposity was inversely associated with folate and retinol, and positively associated with markers of inflammation.

Trial registration: Ethical Committee of Copenhagen as no. H-4-2013-135, NCT01561131.

Keywords: C-reactive protein; Fat percentage; Homocysteine; LED; Vitamin a; Vitamin status.

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Conflict of interest statement

All subjects received written and oral information of the study and signed informed consent upon initiation of the study. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Copenhagen as no. H-4-2013-135, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov as no. NCT01561131 and performed at the Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart. Of the 110 subjects included in the cohort described in the present paper 85 completed the low energy diet
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Prevalence of serum vitamin concentrations below reference values before and after weight loss (n = 85). 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Prevalence of serum concentrations equal to or above reference values for elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (n = 81 at baseline and n = 84 at endpoint) and elevated homocysteine (n = 85) before and after weight loss
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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