Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jun;58(2):193-200.
doi: 10.1007/s12088-018-0715-3. Epub 2018 Mar 8.

Transformation Products of Carbamazepine (CBZ) After Ozonation and their Toxicity Evaluation Using Pseudomonas sp. Strain KSH-1 in Aqueous Matrices

Kshitiz Dwivedi  1   2 , Ashwinkumar P Rudrashetti  1   2 , Tapan Chakrabarti  1 , R A Pandey  1
Affiliations

Transformation Products of Carbamazepine (CBZ) After Ozonation and their Toxicity Evaluation Using Pseudomonas sp. Strain KSH-1 in Aqueous Matrices

Kshitiz Dwivedi et al. Indian J Microbiol. 2018 Jun.

Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an anti-epileptic and anti-convulsant drug widely used for the treatment of epilepsy and other bipolar disorders. Ozone as an advanced oxidation process has been widely used for the degradation of CBZ resulting in the formation of transformation products (ozonides). The present research aims to isolate and identify potential microorganism, capable of degradation of CBZ and its transformation products. The cell viability and cytotoxicity of pure CBZ and their ozone transformation products were evaluated using the cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain KSH-1 through cell viability assay tests. The cells metabolic activity was assessed at varying CBZ concentrations (~ 10-25 ppm, pure CBZ) and cumulatively for ozone transformation products. For pure CBZ, % cell viability decreases as CBZ concentration increases, while, in case of post-ozonated CBZ transformation products, the viability decreases initially and then increases upon exposure of ozone with a maximum cell viability of 97 ± 2.8% evaluated for 2 h post-ozonated samples.

Keywords: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; Carbamazepine (CBZ); MTT; Ozonation; Viability assay.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with Ethical StandardsThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagram showing experimental set-up for ozonation experiments (1) Oxygen concentrator, (2) ozone generating system (ORAIPL), (3) ozone analyzer BMT, Germany, (4) ozone destructor, (5) Magnetic stirrer unit, (6) Control panel system for the reactor, (7) Data acquisition system, (8) Cooling Water Inlet and outlet, (9) pH electrode, (10) Sampling port, (11) Magnetic stirring bar, (12) Sparger, (13) Head plate, (14) Ambient
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Proposed degradation pathway of CBZ after ozone treatment
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
pH, % TOC removal and CBZ concentration profile with time of ozonation (min)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
MTT assay showing % cell viability of a pure CBZ at varying concentrations and b ozone treated CBZ with increasing time of ozone exposure (Error bar represents ± standard deviations whereas, ‘n’ represents number of times experimental analysis conducted, and n = 3 viz. triplicate experimental analysis)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Papageorgiou M, Kosma C, Lambropoulou D. Seasonal occurrence, removal, mass loading and environmental risk assessment of 55 pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Central Greece. Sci Total Environ. 2016;543:547–569. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.047. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rudrashetti AP, Jadeja NB, Gandhi D, Juwarkar AA, Sharma A, Kapley A, Pandey RA. Microbial population shift caused by sulfamethoxazole in engineered-Soil Aquifer Treatment (e-SAT) system. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;33:121. doi: 10.1007/s11274-017-2284-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cunningham VL, Perino C, D’Aco VJ, Hartmann A, Bechter R. Human health risk assessment of carbamazepine in surface waters of North America and Europe. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010;56:343–351. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2009.10.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dwivedi K, Morone A, Pratape V, Chakrabarti T, Pandey RA. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine removal in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant using a mass balance approach: A case study. Korean J Chem Eng. 2017;34:2662–2671. doi: 10.1007/s11814-017-0190-2. - DOI
    1. Clara M, Strenn B, Kreuzinger N. Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in the aquatic environment: investigations on the behaviour of Carbamazepine in wastewater treatment and during groundwater infiltration. Water Res. 2004;38:947–954. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.058. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources