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. 2018 Apr 6;57(2):81-87.
doi: 10.2478/sjph-2018-0011. eCollection 2018 Jun.

Effects of Perinatal Factors on Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness of School-age Children

Miha Lucovnik  1 , Gregor Starc  2 , Petra Golja  3 , Ivan Verdenik  4 , Irena Stucin Gantar  1
Affiliations

Effects of Perinatal Factors on Body Mass Index and Physical Fitness of School-age Children

Miha Lucovnik et al. Zdr Varst. .

Abstract
in English, Slovenian

Objective: To examine the effects of various maternal and neonatal perinatal factors on the child's body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness at school-age.

Methods: Data from two registries, the SLOfit database (a national surveillance system of children's motor and physical development) and Slovenian National Perinatal Information System (NPIS) were analysed. Perinatal data for 2,929 children born in 2008 were linked to results of SLOfit testing of these children in 2016. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the potential relationship between several perinatal factors (very preterm birth, birth mass, maternal age, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes, parity, plurality, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, mode of delivery, presentation, Apgar score at 5 minutes, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)) and child's BMI or child's physical fitness index (PFI) at the age of eight years. We also included child's school grade and maternal educational level in the analysis. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Children born to mothers with lower pre-pregnancy BMI and higher education had lower BMI and higher PFI (p<0.001) at school-age. Physical fitness was also inversely associated with nulliparity (p<0.001) and NICU admission (p=0.020).

Conclusions: Among all perinatal factors studied, higher maternal education and lower pre-pregnancy BMI seem to be the most significant determinants of child's BMI and physical fitness at school-age.

Namen: Ugotoviti morebitne dolgoročne učinke perinatalnih dejavnikov na indeks telesne mase (ITM) in gibalno ucinkovitost otrok v starosti osem let.

Metode: Analizirali smo podatke baze SLOfit (Nacionalnega sistema spremljanja telesnega in gibalnega razvoja otrok in mladine) in Nacionalnega perinatalnega informacijskega sistema Slovenije (NPIS). Perinatalne podatke za 2929 otrok, rojenih leta 2008, smo povezali z rezultati njihovih meritev SLOfit v letu 2016. Z linearno regresijo smo ugotavljali morebitne povezave med otrokovim ITM in indeksom gibalne učinkovitosti (IGU) ter naslednjimi perinatalnimi dejavniki: zelo prezgodnji porod, porodna masa, pariteta, število plodov, ITM matere pred zanositvijo, način poroda, vstava, ocena po Apgarjevi in potreba po neonatalni intenzivni terapiji. V analizo smo vključili tudi razred osnovne šole, ki ga je otrok obiskoval, in materino stopnjo izobrazbe. Za statistično značilno smo upoštevali vrednost p<0,05.

Rezultati: Otroci, rojeni materam z višjo izobrazbo in nižjim ITM pred zanositvijo, so imeli v starosti osem let nižji ITM in višji IGU (p<0,001). Otroci, ki so potrebovali neonatalno intenzivno terapijo (ne glede na gestacijsko starost) (p=0,020), in prvorojenci (p<0,001) so imeli slabšo gibalno učinkovitost.

Zaključki: Med vsemi preučenimi perinatalnimi dejavniki sta stopnja izobrazbe matere in njen ITM pred zanositvijo v največji meri vplivala na ITM in gibalno učinkovitost otroka v starosti osem let.

Keywords: body mass index; maternal education; physical fitness; pre-pregnancy obesity; preterm birth.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that no conflicts of interest exist.

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