Melamine sponge decorated with copper sheets as a material with outstanding properties for microextraction of sulfonamides prior to their determination by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

In this study, the modification/loading of melamine sponge with metallic copper sheets (CuMeS) is discussed. The CuMeS is prepared in a fast, singe-step procedure, where concurrent production of copper oxides is avoided. The as-prepared CuMeS is utilized to develop a sensitive and selective sample preparation procedure to extract sulfonamides (SAs) from milk and water samples. The surface of the resulting CuMeS, after drying is rendered hydrophobic enabling hydrophobic interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the benefits of the high affinity of copper for SAs are reaped for analytical purposes. Due to the high selectivity, the proposed CuMeS-based procedure acts both as extraction and clean-up for the quantitative determination of SAs. The analytical method developed herein, which is based on the extractive potential of CuMeS, has the merits of wide linearity (including concentrations above and below the maximum residue limit of SAs), low limits of quantification (0.025-0.057μgL^-1 for lake water and 0.23-1.05μgL^-1 for milk samples), high enrichment factors and highly satisfactory recoveries and repeatability. The analytical method is validated according to the Commission Decision 657/2002/EC. Owing to the low cost of CuMeS and the straightforward procedure followed the proposed method can be applied to routine analysis of SAs.

Keywords: HPLC; Melamine sponge; Metallic copper sheets; Microextraction of sulfonamides; Milk.