Minimally Invasive Techniques for Bladder Reconstruction

Abstract

Purpose of review: Bladder reconstruction surgery is a key component of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (nLUTD) management. Traditionally, given the complexity and unpredictable operative challenges of bladder reconstruction in this patient population, little consideration has been given to performing lower urinary tract reconstruction in a minimally invasive approach.

Recent findings: We describe the innovative minimally invasive surgical techniques in four major categories of reconstructive procedures for nLUTD: (A) ileal bladder augmentation, the use of a low morbidity open Pfannenstiel incision and the use of laparoscopy and robotics; (B) creation of a catheterizable channel, the use of laparoscopy and robotics for Mitrofanoff procedures; (C) creation of both a bladder augmentation and catheterizable channel, the use of a hand-assisted approach for the creation of a continent cutaneous ileocystoplasty; and (D) bladder neck artificial urinary sphincter implantation: the use of a robotics. Patients with nLUTD need surgical solutions that can improve their quality of life over several decades. As experience with robotics increases and as technology provides us with new tools to ease minimally invasive bladder reconstruction, we can expect that the field will continue to grow and improve.

Keywords: Congenital urology; Minimally invasive; Neurogenic bladder; Spina bifida; Transitional urology; Urinary diversion; Urinary reconstruction.