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Review
. 2018 Apr 16;18(4):1212.
doi: 10.3390/s18041212.

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Juan Guerrero-Ibáñez  1 , Sherali Zeadally  2 , Juan Contreras-Castillo  3
Affiliations
Review

Sensor Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems

Juan Guerrero-Ibáñez et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems, including but not limited to traffic congestion, safety, and pollution. Information communication technologies have gained increasing attention and importance in modern transportation systems. Automotive manufacturers are developing in-vehicle sensors and their applications in different areas including safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Government institutions are implementing roadside infrastructures such as cameras and sensors to collect data about environmental and traffic conditions. By seamlessly integrating vehicles and sensing devices, their sensing and communication capabilities can be leveraged to achieve smart and intelligent transportation systems. We discuss how sensor technology can be integrated with the transportation infrastructure to achieve a sustainable Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and how safety, traffic control and infotainment applications can benefit from multiple sensors deployed in different elements of an ITS. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed to enable a fully operational and cooperative ITS environment.

Keywords: applications; intelligent transportation systems; sensors; vehicle.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different types of in-vehicle sensors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intrusive sensor groups, (a) Embedded magnetometers, (b) Pneumatic tube sensors and (c) Inductive loops.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Non-intrusive sensor groups, (a) roadside mast-mounted, (b) bridge mounted and (c) across roadside.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Taxonomy for ITS applications.
Figure 5
Figure 5
An example of ITS safety applications: (a) lane keeping aid, (b) adaptive cruise control, (c) blind spot information, (d) intersection collision warning, (e) road hazard warning and (f) surround view monitoring.
Figure 6
Figure 6
ITS traffic management applications, (a) lane management, (b) surveillance, (c) parking management, (d) automatic tolling, (e) special event transportation and (f) intersection management.
Figure 7
Figure 7
ITS environment monitoring applications, (a) road weather condition, (b) surface state and (c) pollution management.
Figure 8
Figure 8
ITS user monitoring applications, (a) driver’s health and emotions monitoring, (b) drowsy driver warning and (c) driver alert control.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Case study scenario.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Guerrero-Ibáñez J.A., Zeadally S., Contreras-Castillo J. Integration challenges of Intelligent Transportation Systems with Connected vehicle, cloud computing, and Internet of thing Technologies. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Mag. 2015;22:122–128. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2015.7368833. - DOI
    1. Contreras J., Zeadally S., Guerrero-Ibanez J.A. Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, Protocols, and Security. IEEE Internet Things J. 2017 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2690902. - DOI