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. 2018 Apr 18;19(4):1230.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19041230.

Three-Dimensional Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Bone Mixed with Autologous Platelet Liquid, Blood, or Physiological Water: An In Vitro Study

Antonio Scarano  1 , Francesco Inchingolo  2 , Giovanna Murmura  3 , Tonino Traini  4 , Adriano Piattelli  5 , Felice Lorusso  6
Affiliations

Three-Dimensional Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Bone Mixed with Autologous Platelet Liquid, Blood, or Physiological Water: An In Vitro Study

Antonio Scarano et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

In recent years, several techniques and material options have been investigated and developed for bone defect repair and regeneration. The progress in studies of composite graft materials and autologous platelet-derived growth factors for bone regeneration in dentistry and their biological and biomechanical properties has improved clinical strategies and results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional architecture and mechanical properties of three different combinations of composite bovine graft, adding autologous platelet liquid (APL), blood, or physiological water. One experimental group for each combination of biomaterials was created. In particular, in Group I, the bovine graft was mixed with APL; in Group II, it was mixed with blood, and in Group III, the biomaterial graft was combined with physiological water. Then, the composite biomaterials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a compression-loading test was conducted. The evaluation showed a statistical significance (p < 0.01) of the elastic regime of deformation resistance, in which the combination of APL with bone graft resulted in an 875% increase in the mechanical resistance. The protocol of APL mixed with bovine bone graft produced a composite sticky graft block that was capable of increasing the mechanical properties in order to improve its clinical use in the treatment of the maxillary bone defects.

Keywords: autologous platelet; biomaterial; biomaterials; bovine bone; fibrin; sticky graft.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The values of a compressive test indicate a significant difference among the three groups. The Newton are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A cylinder of bovine bone mixed together with APL during the compressive test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A cylinder of bovine bone mixed with blood during the compressive test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A cylinder of bovine bone mixed with physiological water during the compressive test.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The graphic shows that the autologous platelet liquid (APL) (sticky bone graft) is capable of increasing the elastic modulus by 117.2% compared to the block graft (BG), and 178.7% compared to the crumbly graft (CG) group. The GPa are expressed as mean ± SD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A granules of bovine bone mixed with APL covered by fibrin.
Figure 7
Figure 7
At higher magnification, it was possible to observe the structure of fibrin and activated platelets (Arrow).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of bovine bone mixed with blood. Many red blood cells and a thin layer of fibrin that only partially covered the biomaterial granules were observed; these appeared to be separated and not united.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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