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. 2018 Feb 18:2018:1082561.
doi: 10.1155/2018/1082561. eCollection 2018.

The Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Metabolism and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Laiyuan Li  1   2 , Xiaolin Wang  2 , Liangliang Bai  2 , Huichuan Yu  1   2 , Zenghong Huang  1   3 , Anpei Huang  4 , Yanxin Luo  1   2 , Jianping Wang  1   2
Affiliations

The Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Glucose Metabolism and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Goto-Kakizaki Rats

Laiyuan Li et al. J Diabetes Res. .

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose metabolism and changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats.

Methods: GK rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: SG, SG pair-fed plus sham surgery (PF-sham), and ad libitum-fed no surgery (control). Food intake, body weight, blood glucose, GLP-1 and insulin levels, and GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were compared.

Results: The SG rats exhibited lower postoperative food intake, body weight, and fasting glucose than did the control rats (P < 0.05). SG significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance (P < 0.05). Plasma GLP-1 levels were higher in SG rats than in control or PF-sham rats in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (P < 0.05). Blood glucose levels expressed as a percentage of baseline were higher in SG rats than in control rats after exendin (9-39) administration (P < 0.05). The levels of GLP-1 expression in the jejunum and ileum were higher in SG rats than in PF-sham and control rats (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Improvement of glucose metabolism by SG was associated with increased GLP-1 secretion. SG contributes to an increase in plasma GLP-1 levels via increased GLP-1 expression in the mucosa of the jejunum and/or ileum.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on food intake, body weight, and fasting glucose levels in GK rats. Line charts show body weights (a, b), food intake (c), and glucose (d). #P < 0.05 versus the controls; ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on glucose metabolism in GK rats. Line charts or bar graphs show the blood glucose (a), the AUCOGTT (b), insulin (c), and GLP-1 (d) in the oral glucose tolerance test, and blood glucose (e) and GLP-1 (f) after an IP injection of glucose. #P < 0.05 versus the controls; ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on insulin tolerance in GK rats. Line charts show the blood glucose (a) and the AUCITT (b) at 3 weeks, and the blood glucose (c) and the AUCITT (d) at 12 weeks after an IP injection of insulin. #P < 0.05 versus controls, ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of exendin (9-39) on glucose metabolism in GK rats. Line charts show the blood glucose level (a) expressed as a percentage of the baseline level (b) and insulin level (c) expressed as a percentage of the baseline level (d) after an IP injection of exendin (9-39). Blood glucose levels (e) expressed as a percentage of the baseline level (f) with an IP injection of exendin (9-39), 30 min before the OGTT. #P < 0.05 versus the controls; ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on the morphology of the jejunal and ileal segments. (a) Representative images of the jejunal and ileal sections of the GK rats stained with hematoxylin-eosin are shown (magnification 100x; scale bar = 100 μm). Bar graphs show the jejunal villus length (b) and width (c) and the ileal villus length (d) and width (e). #P < 0.05 versus the controls; ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effects of sleeve gastrectomy on the expression levels of the GLP-1 protein and the preproglucagon and PCSK1 genes in jejunal and ileal segments. Representative micrographs (400x magnification) of GLP-1 immunopositive cells (a) and the relative numbers of GLP-1 immunopositive cells (b, e). Expression levels of the preproglucagon (c, f) and PCSK1 genes (d, g) in the jejunum and ileum are shown. Brown GLP-1-positive staining is indicated by arrows. #P < 0.05 versus the controls; ∗P < 0.05 versus PF-sham.
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