Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Apr 19;19(4):1241.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19041241.

HIV Vaccination: A Roadmap among Advancements and Concerns

Maria Trovato  1   2 , Luciana D'Apice  3 , Antonella Prisco  4 , Piergiuseppe De Berardinis  5
Affiliations
Review

HIV Vaccination: A Roadmap among Advancements and Concerns

Maria Trovato et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Since the identification of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) as the etiologic agent of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), many efforts have been made to stop the AIDS pandemic. A major success of medical research has been the development of the highly active antiretroviral therapy and its availability to an increasing number of people worldwide, with a considerable effect on survival. However, a safe and effective vaccine able to prevent and eradicate the HIV pandemic is still lacking. Clinical trials and preclinical proof-of-concept studies in nonhuman primate (NHP) models have provided insights into potential correlates of protection against the HIV-1 infection, which include broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the variable loops 1 and 2 (V1V2) regions of the HIV-1 envelope (Env), polyfunctional antibody, and Env-specific T-cell responses. In this review, we provide a brief overview of different HIV-1 vaccine approaches and discuss the current understanding of the cellular and humoral correlates of HIV-1 immunity.

Keywords: HIV-1; clinical trials; immune correlates; vaccines.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome and virion.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vaccine regimens tested in HIV-1 clinical trials. (a) Antigen compositions; (b) Priming/boosting strategies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Gottlieb M.S., Schroff R., Schanker H.M., Weisman J.D., Fan P.T., Wolf R.A., Saxon A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 1981;305:1425–1431. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198112103052401. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cohen M.S., Chen Y.Q., McCauley M., Gamble T., Hosseinipour M.C., Kumarasamy N., Hakim J.G., Kumwenda J., Grinsztejn B., Pilotto J.H., et al. HPTN 052 Study Team. Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016;375:830–839. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600693. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chun T.W., Moir S., Fauci A.S. HIV reservoirs as obstacles and opportunities for an HIV cure. Nat. Immunol. 2015;16:584–589. doi: 10.1038/ni.3152. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kimata J.T., Rice A.P., Wang J. Challenges and strategies for the eradication of the HIV reservoir. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2016;42:65–70. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J.C., Rey F., Nugeyre M.T., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Dauguet C., Axler-Blin C., Vézinet-Brun F., Rouzioux C., et al. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Science. 1983;220:868–871. doi: 10.1126/science.6189183. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources