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. 2017 Dec 6;9(4):1042-1049.
doi: 10.1039/c7sc04422d. eCollection 2018 Jan 28.

Enantioselective cellular localisation of europium(iii) coordination complexes

Andrew T Frawley  1 , Holly V Linford  1 , Matthieu Starck  1 , Robert Pal  1 , David Parker  1
Affiliations

Enantioselective cellular localisation of europium(iii) coordination complexes

Andrew T Frawley et al. Chem Sci. .

Abstract

The selective mitochondrial localisation of the Λ enantiomer of three different emissive europium(iii) complexes in NIH 3T3 and MCF7 cells contrasts with the behaviour of the Δ enantiomer, for which a predominant lysosomal localisation was observed by confocal microscopy. In each case, cell uptake occurs via macropinocytosis.

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Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Schematic illustration of three possible endocytotic pathways for the uptake of lanthanide complexes, and the maturation of endosome to lysosomes. In red are known activators (denoted with a +) and inhibitors (–) of each process.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Mean relative brightness of europium(iii) emission from cells incubated with [EuL2] after treatment with promoters and inhibitors of various cell uptake mechanisms. Inhibitors (red) and promoters (green) of macropinocytosis are highlighted. Results which have statistical significance (two-tailed Student's t-test at 95% confidence) are marked *. Error bars represent one standard deviation from the mean.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Total integrated emission intensity for Δ- and Λ-[EuL2] as a function of added BSA (4 μM complex, 0.1 M HEPES, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.40, 295 K, λexc 340 nm, 295 K); the curve shows the fit to the experimental data, derived by iterative non-linear, least squares fitting.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. LSCM images of NIH-3T3 cells treated with Λ-[EuL2] (right) and Δ-[EuL2] (left) showing the predominant mitochondrial (P = 0.71) and lysosomal (P = 0.77) localisation profiles respectively (red for Eu emission, green for Mitotracker Green and LysoTracker Green) (24 h, 20 μM complex, λexc 355 nm, λem 605–720 nm; for tracker dyes: 0.2 μM, λexc 488 nm, λem 500–530 or 530 to 550 nm). Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. LSCM images of NIH-3T3 cells treated with Λ-(left) and Δ-(right) [EuL1] (top, 24 h, 3 μM, λexc 355 nm, λem 605–720 nm); LysoTracker Green (0.2 μM, middle, λexc 488 nm, λem 530–550 nm); and RGB merged image (bottom) (PΛ = 0.65, PΔ = 0.79). Scale bar = 20 μm.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. LSCM images of NIH-3T3 cells treated with Λ-[EuL3] and MitoTracker Green showing both mitochondrial (major) and lysosomal localisation (left, 8 h, 26 μM, λexc 355 nm, λem 605–720 nm), MitoTracker Green (right, 0.2 μM, λexc 488 nm, λem 500–530 nm) and RGB merged image (centre); scale bar = 20 μm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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