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. 2018 Mar 20:(32):65-90.
doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.32.23831. eCollection 2018.

A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification

Zai-Wei Ge  1 , Adriaana Jacobs  2 , Else C Vellinga  3 , Phongeun Sysouphanthong  4 , Retha van der Walt  2 , Carmine Lavorato  5 , Yi-Feng An  1 , Zhu L Yang  1
Affiliations

A multi-gene phylogeny of Chlorophyllum (Agaricaceae, Basidiomycota): new species, new combination and infrageneric classification

Zai-Wei Ge et al. MycoKeys. .

Abstract

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Chlorophyllum were carried out on the basis of morphological differences and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on the phylogeny inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) sequences, six well-supported clades and 17 phylogenetic species are recognised. Within this phylogenetic framework and considering the diagnostic morphological characters, two new species, C. africanum and C. palaeotropicum, are described. In addition, a new infrageneric classification of Chlorophyllum is proposed, in which the genus is divided into six sections. One new combination is also made. This study provides a robust basis for a more detailed investigation of diversity and biogeography of Chlorophyllum.

Keywords: Agaricales; Lepiota; Macrolepiota; multigene phylogeny; new taxa.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
ML tree inferred from ITS data. Bootstrap values >50 % are indicated at internodes. Names of new taxa are in bold.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
ML tree inferred from the combined alignment based on ITS, nrLSU, rpb2 and tef1. Bootstrap values >50 % are indicated at internodes. Names of new taxa are shown in bold.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Basidiocarps of representative species of Chlorophyllum. A Chlorophyllum africanum (PREM 62141) B Chlorophyllum demangei (HKAS 89157) C Chlorophyllum globosum (PREM 62152) D Chlorophyllum palaeotropicum (HKAS 60195).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Micro-morphological features of C. africanum (PREM 62143, type). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Micro-morphological features of C. palaeotropicum (PREM 62142, type). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Micro-morphological features of C. globosum (HKAS 52741). A Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Elements of squamules on pileus. Scale bars: 10 μm (A, D); 20 μm (B, C).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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