Does Size Matter When Calculating the "Correct" Tidal Volume for Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation?: A Hypothesis Based on FVC

Abstract

Background: Tidal volumes standardized to predicted body weight are recommended for adult mechanical ventilation, but children are frequently ventilated by using measured body weight. The goal of this study was to examine the difference in FVC (in milliliters per kilogram [mL/kg]) by using measured body weight compared with predicted body weight in children.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included outpatient pulmonary function tests (PFTs) from two datasets. Dataset one included 6- to 19-year-old patients undergoing PFTs from the nationally representative Canadian Health Measures Survey. Dataset two included 6- to 20-year-old patients undergoing PFTs at a freestanding children's hospital. FVC mL/kg values were analyzed against BMI z scores to show changes in FVC vs BMI between measured and predicted weight.

Results: Dataset one included 5,394 PFTs from the Canadian survey. FVC from measured weight decreased as the BMI z score group increased. The median FVC from measured weight was 81.4 mL/kg in the lowest BMI z score group and 51.7 mL/kg in the highest BMI z score group. FVC from predicted weight increased slightly with increasing BMI z score group. Dataset two included 8,472 patient PFTs from clinical measurement. A decline in median FVC from measured weight (from 69.4 to 37.6 mL/kg) as BMI z score group increased was also seen.

Conclusions: FVC differs significantly when standardizing to measured weight vs predicted weight. Obese children have lung volumes reflecting their predicted body weight from height. Children with low or normal BMI have lung volumes reflecting measured body weight. These findings suggest that targeting tidal volume by using the lower of measured and predicted body weights would be the most lung-protective strategy.

Keywords: ARDS; BMI; children; pulmonary function test.