Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jun:69:55-64.
doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.04.009. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) consortium outcomes study of childhood cardiovascular risk factors and adult cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: Design and recruitment

Alan R Sinaiko  1 , David R Jacobs Jr  2 , Jessica G Woo  3 , Lydia Bazzano  4 , Trudy Burns  5 , Tian Hu  6 , Markus Juonala  7 , Ronald Prineas  8 , Olli Raitakari  9 , Julia Steinberger  10 , Elaine Urbina  11 , Alison Venn  12 , Cashell Jaquish  13 , Terry Dwyer  14
Affiliations

The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) consortium outcomes study of childhood cardiovascular risk factors and adult cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: Design and recruitment

Alan R Sinaiko et al. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Jun.

Abstract

Although it is widely thought that childhood levels of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are related to adult CV disease, longitudinal data directly linking the two are lacking. This paper describes the design and organization of the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium Outcomes Study (i3C Outcomes), the first longitudinal cohort study designed to locate adults with detailed, repeated, childhood biological, physical, and socioeconomic measurements and a harmonized database. I3C Outcomes uses a Heart Health Survey (HHS) to obtain information on adult CV endpoints, using mail, email, telephone, and clinic visits in the United States (U.S.) and Australia and a national health database in Finland. Microsoft Access, REsearch Data Capture (REDCap) (U.S.), LimeSurvey (Australia), and Medidata™ Rave data systems are used to collect, transfer and organize data. Self-reported CV events are adjudicated via hospital and doctor-released medical records. After the first two study years, participants (N = 10,968) were more likely to be female (56% vs. 48%), non-Hispanic white (90% vs. 80%), and older (10.4 ± 3.8 years vs. 9.4 ± 3.3 years) at their initial childhood study visit than the currently non-recruited cohort members. Over 48% of cohort members seen during both adulthood and childhood have been found and recruited, to date, vs. 5% of those not seen since childhood. Self-reported prevalences were 0.7% Type 1 Diabetes, 7.5% Type 2 Diabetes, 33% hypertension, and 12.8% CV event. 32% of CV events were judged to be true. I3C Outcomes is uniquely able to establish evidence-based guidelines for child health care and to clarify relations to adult CV disease.

Keywords: Adult Cardiovascular disease; Childhood cardiovascular risk factors; Collaborative cohort study; Heart health survey; Longitudinal cardiovascular risk study.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cohort ages by years of longitudinal visits
Figure 2
Figure 2
Recruitment success (completion of HHS) according to number and age of longitudinal visits in U.S. and Australia cohorts
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Cali AM, Caprio S. Obesity in children and adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(11 Suppl 1):S31–36. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-1363. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chiarelli F, Marcovecchio ML. Insulin resistance and obesity in childhood. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(Suppl 1):S67–74. doi: 10.1530/EJE-08-0245. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Freedman DS, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics. 1999;103(6 Pt 1):1175–1182. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.042. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Freedman DS, Mei Z, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Dietz WH. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr. 2007;150:12–17 e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.042. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Goodman E, Dolan LM, Morrison JA, Daniels SR. Factor analysis of clustered cardiovascular risks in adolescence: obesity is the predominant correlate of risk among youth. Circulation. 2005;111:1970–1977. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161957.34198.2B. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms