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Review
. 2018 Apr 25;19(5):1283.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19051283.

The Costimulatory Pathways and T Regulatory Cells in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Strong Arm in the Inflammatory Response?

Laura de Ramon  1 , Jordi Guiteras  2 , Roser Guiteras  3 , Josep M Cruzado  4   5 , Josep M Grinyó  6   7 , Juan Torras  8   9
Affiliations
Review

The Costimulatory Pathways and T Regulatory Cells in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Strong Arm in the Inflammatory Response?

Laura de Ramon et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Costimulatory molecules have been identified as crucial regulators in the inflammatory response in various immunologic disease models. These molecules are classified into four different families depending on their structure. Here, we will focus on various ischemia studies that use costimulatory molecules as a target to reduce the inherent inflammatory status. Furthermore, we will discuss the relevant role of T regulatory cells in these inflammatory mechanisms and the costimulatory pathways in which they are involved.

Keywords: costimulatory molecules; ischemia; regulatory T cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Costimulatory molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and their ligands on effector and regulatory T cells.
Figure 2
Figure 2
T effector cells have a major role in the inflammatory immune response after ischemic damage. Through modulating the costimulatory pathways, T regulatory cells will exert a strong influence to return homeostasis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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