Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Apr 30;9(4):152.
doi: 10.1038/s41424-018-0023-6.

Optical detection of field cancerization in the buccal mucosa of patients with esophageal cancer

Oisín Bugter  1   2   3 , Manon C W Spaander  4   5 , Marco J Bruno  4   5 , Robert J Baatenburg de Jong  4   6 , Arjen Amelink  7 , Dominic J Robinson  4   6   8
Affiliations

Optical detection of field cancerization in the buccal mucosa of patients with esophageal cancer

Oisín Bugter et al. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Esophageal cancer is an increasingly common type of neoplasm with a very poor prognosis. This prognosis could improve with more early tumor detection. We have previously shown that we can use an optical spectroscopy to detect field cancerization in the buccal mucosa of patients with laryngeal cancer. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether we could detect field cancerization of buccal mucosa of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).

Methods: Optical measurements were performed in vivo using a novel optical technique: multidiameter single-fiber reflectance (MDSFR) spectroscopy. MDSFR spectra were acquired by a handheld probe incorporating three fiber diameters. Multiple absorption and scattering parameters that are related to the physiological and ultrastructural properties of the buccal mucosa were derived from these spectra. A linear discriminant analysis of the parameters was performed to create a combined biomarker σ to discriminate oncologic from non-oncologic patients.

Results: Twelve ESCC, 12 EAC, and 24 control patients were included in the study. The median value of our biomarker σ was significantly higher in patients with ESCC (2.07 [1.93-2.10]) than control patients (1.86 [1.73-1.95], p = 0.022). After cross-validation σ was able to identify ESCC patients with a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 70.8%. There were no significant differences between the EAC group and the control group.

Conclusion: Field cancerization in the buccal mucosa can be detected using optical spectroscopy in ESCC patients. This may be the first step towards non-invasive ESCC cancer screening.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Guarantor of the article: Oisín Bugter.

Specific author contributions: A.A. and D.R. contributed to study conception. All authors contributed to the study design. O.B. performed the data collection. O.B., A.A., and D.R. did or supervised data analysis. All authors interpreted the data. O.B., M.S., and D.R. wrote sections of the initial manuscript. O.B. designed figures and tables. All authors critically reviewed iterations of the manuscript and approved the final draft for submission.

Financial support: This work was supported by the Dutch Cancer Society [TNO 2014-7074]. However, it had no role in study conception, design, data collection, analysis, data interpretation, or the writing of the manuscript. The corresponding author had full access to all data and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Potential competing interests: None, for all authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Application of the multidiameter single-fiber reflectance spectroscopy probe on the buccal mucosa.
a Overview picture with in the background spectra on laptop. b Detail of probe contact with buccal mucosa. c Detail of probe tip angled at 15 degrees. 180 × 46 mm (300 × 300 DPI)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Values of μs’ at 450 nm and 800 nm and biomarker σ (combination of μs’ at 450 nm and 800 nm).
Circles, triangles, and squares represent means and error bars represent standard deviation. ESCC esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, EAC esophageal adenocarcinoma. *p = 0.030, †p = 0.045 and ‡p = 0.012. p-values were calculated with a binary logistic regression with ‘age’ as a covariate. 87 × 97 mm (300 × 300 DPI)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. ROC curve of biomarker σ (composed of μs’ at 450 and 800 nm).
AUC area under the curve. 87 × 86 mm (300 × 300 DPI)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Torre LA, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2015;65:87–108. doi: 10.3322/caac.21262. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pennathur A, et al. Oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet. 2013;381:400–412. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60643-6. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kollarova H, et al. Epidemiology of esophageal cancer–an overview article. Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky. Olomouc Czech. Repub. 2007;151:17–20. doi: 10.5507/bp.2007.003. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kopelovich L, et al. Surrogate anatomic/functional sites for evaluating cancer risk: an extension of the field effect. Clin. Cancer Res. 1999;5:3899–3905. - PubMed
    1. Subramanian H, et al. Nanoscale cellular changes in field carcinogenesis detected by partial wave spectroscopy. Cancer Res. 2009;69:5357–5363. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3895. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Supplementary concepts