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. 2018 Mar-Apr;23(2):111-118.
doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-23.2.111.

Use of Arginine Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis or Hypochloremia in Pediatric Patients

Caroline M Sierra, Elvin A Hernandez, Kristine A Parbuoni

Use of Arginine Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis or Hypochloremia in Pediatric Patients

Caroline M Sierra et al. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Mar-Apr.

Abstract

Objectives: Dosing of arginine for treatment of hypochloremia or metabolic alkalosis is laborious and has inherent variability in dose selection. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of arginine in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis and hypochloremia. Secondary objectives were to determine an optimal dose, route, and frequency for arginine administration in the treatment of these conditions.

Methods: This single center, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in children who received arginine for treatment of hypochloremia or metabolic alkalosis. Treatment success was assessed by measuring serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations after arginine administration.

Results: Of the 464 orders analyzed, 177 met inclusion criteria in 82 unique patients. Fifty percent (n = 81) of arginine administrations used to manage hypochloremia saw normalization of abnormal chloride levels, and 83% (n = 62) of arginine administrations used to treat metabolic alkalosis saw normalization of abnormal bicarbonate levels. Patients who received arginine to resolve hypochloremia were statistically significantly more likely to have their hypochloremia resolve if they used alternative dosing methods compared to established dosing methods (76 vs. 5, p = 0.001). However, this relationship was not seen for patients with metabolic alkalosis (11 vs. 51, p = 1.000). The median percentage of calculated daily dose of arginine needed for resolution of hypochloremia was 59% and was 35% for metabolic alkalosis.

Conclusions: Arginine is effective to improve metabolic alkalosis and hypochloremia. Established dosing methods are not more effective than other methods in resolving metabolic alkalosis or hypochloremia. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these results.

Keywords: arginine; clinical pharmacy; critical care; dosing; electrolytes; hypochloremia; metabolic alkalosis; pediatrics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors declare no conflicts or financial interest in any product or service mentioned in the manuscript, including grants, equipment, medications, employment, gifts, and honoraria. The authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

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