Multi-centre point-prevalence survey of hospital-acquired infections in Ghana

Abstract

Background: There is a paucity of data describing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in Africa.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and distribution of HAIs in acute care hospitals in Ghana.

Methods: Between September and December 2016, point-prevalence surveys were conducted in participating hospitals using protocols of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Medical records of eligible inpatients at or before 8am on the survey date were reviewed to identify HAIs present at the time of the survey.

Findings: Ten hospitals were surveyed, representing 32.9% of all acute care beds in government hospitals. Of 2107 inpatients surveyed, 184 HAIs were identified among 172 patients, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 8.2%. The prevalence values in hospitals ranged from 3.5% to 14.4%, with higher proportions of infections in secondary and tertiary care facilities. The most common HAIs were surgical site infections (32.6%), bloodstream infections (19.5%), urinary tract infections (18.5%) and respiratory tract infections (16.3%). Device-associated infections accounted for 7.1% of HAIs. For 12.5% of HAIs, a micro-organism was reported; the most commonly isolated micro-organism was Escherichia coli. Approximately 61% of all patients surveyed were on antibiotics; 89.5% of patients with an HAI received at least one antimicrobial agent on the survey date. The strongest independent predictors for HAI were the presence of an invasive device before onset of infection and duration of hospital stay.

Conclusion: A low HAI burden was found compared with findings from other low- and middle-income countries.

Keywords: Ghana; Hospital-acquired infection; Prevalence.