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. 2018 Apr 26:11:857-866.
doi: 10.2147/JPR.S156731. eCollection 2018.

Sleep quality and covariates as predictors of pain intensity among the general population in rural China

Xiao-Kun Liu  1 , Shui-Yuan Xiao  1   2 , Liang Zhou  3 , Mi Hu  2 , Wei Zhou  4 , Hui-Ming Liu  5
Affiliations

Sleep quality and covariates as predictors of pain intensity among the general population in rural China

Xiao-Kun Liu et al. J Pain Res. .

Abstract

Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of sleep quality and its relationship with the prevalence of pain among rural Chinese people and to explore the association between sleep quality and pain intensity among the general population in real-life settings.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey included a total of 2052 adults from rural areas in Liuyang, Hunan Province, recruited through random multistage sampling. The distributions of sleep quality and pain prevalence among the participants over a 4-week period were described. Because of multicollinearity among variables, the influence of self-rated sleep quality and psychosocial covariates on pain intensity was explored using a ridge regression model.

Results: The data showed that participants reporting all categories of sleep quality experienced some degree of pain. Sleep quality, along with physical and mental health, was a negative predictor of pain intensity among the general population. Symptoms of depression positively predicted pain intensity.

Conclusion: Poor sleep quality increased pain intensity among the participants. Both previous research and the present data suggest that improving sleep quality may significantly decrease pain intensity in the general population. The relationship between sleep and pain may be bidirectional. This finding also suggests that treatment for sleep disorders and insomnia should be addressed in future efforts to alleviate pain intensity.

Keywords: depression symptoms; mental health; pain; sleep.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The first ridge trace (K; including all the independent variables).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The second ridge trace (K; including the final 4 explanatory variables).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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