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Review
. 2018 May;9(5):488-500.
doi: 10.1007/s13238-018-0548-1. Epub 2018 May 7.

Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body

Lu Gao  1   2 , Tiansong Xu  1 , Gang Huang  1 , Song Jiang  1 , Yan Gu  2 , Feng Chen  3
Affiliations
Review

Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body

Lu Gao et al. Protein Cell. 2018 May.

Abstract

Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms help human body against invasion of undesirable stimulation outside. However, imbalance of microbial flora contributes to oral diseases and systemic diseases. Oral microbiomes play an important role in the human microbial community and human health. The use of recently developed molecular methods has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Studies in oral microbiomes and their interactions with microbiomes in variable body sites and variable health condition are critical in our cognition of our body and how to make effect on human health improvement.

Keywords: health; human; oral diseases; oral microbiomes; systematic diseases.

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Figures

Figure. 1
Figure. 1
Nine specimens were collected in the HMP population. Saliva, buccal mucosa (cheek), keratinized gingiva (gums), palate, tonsils, throat and tongue soft tissues, and supra gingival and subgingival dental plaque (tooth biofilm above and below the gum)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Oral microbiome and oral diseases. Various kinds and various numbers of bacteria have been found in people with different oral diseases such as dental caries, peridontal diseases, mucosal diseases (e.g., lichen planus, leukoplakia), oral cancer and peri-implantitis
Figure 3
Figure 3
Oral microbiomes and whole-body systematic diseases. Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to variable systemic diseases processing including gastrointestinal system diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, pancreatic cancer, nervous system diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, endocrine system diseases like diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, immune system diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and HIV infection, and cardiovascular system diseases like atherosclerosis
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