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. 2018 Mar 19:2018:6121489.
doi: 10.1155/2018/6121489. eCollection 2018.

Development of a Flow Injection System for Differential Pulse Amperometry and Its Application for Diazepam Determination

Vesna Antunović  1 , Slavna Tešanović  2 , Danica Perušković  2 , Nikola Stevanović  2 , Rada Baošić  2 , Snežana Mandić  2 , Aleksandar Lolić  2
Affiliations

Development of a Flow Injection System for Differential Pulse Amperometry and Its Application for Diazepam Determination

Vesna Antunović et al. J Anal Methods Chem. .

Abstract

This work presents the development of a flow injection system for differential pulse amperometry (DPA) for diazepam determination in the presence of oxygen. The thin flow cell consisted of the bare glassy carbon electrode, reference silver/silver chloride, and stainless steel as the auxiliary electrode. Electrochemical reduction of diazepam (DZP) was characterised by cyclic voltammetry. Azomethine reduction peak was used for DZP quantification. The detector response was linear in the range 20-250 µmol/dm3 of diazepam, with a calculated detection limit of 3.83 µg/cm3. Intraday and interday precision were 1.53 and 10.8%, respectively. The method was applied on three beverage samples, energetic drink, and two different beer samples, and obtained recoveries were from 93.65 up to 104.96%. The throughoutput of the method was up to 90 analyses per hour.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cyclic voltammograms of 0.5 mol/dm3 diazepam on glassy carbon electrode as a function of a scan rate (20–150 mV s−1).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cyclic voltammograms of 100 µmol/dm3 diazepam as function of pH in HCl/KCl buffer (pH 1) and Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 3–8) at 100 mV s−1 scan rate.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic presentation of DPA waveform applied for diazepam determination. The squares are used for current measurement.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Linear response for FIA-DPA system for 20–250 µmol/dm3 diazepam. Inset: six consecutive injections of 100 µmol/dm3 of diazepam.
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