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. 2018 May 11;67(18):515-518.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6718a2.

Enterovirus and Parechovirus Surveillance - United States, 2014-2016

Glen R Abedi  1 , John T Watson  1 , W Allan Nix  1 , M Steven Oberste  1 , Susan I Gerber  1
Affiliations

Enterovirus and Parechovirus Surveillance - United States, 2014-2016

Glen R Abedi et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. .

Abstract

Infections caused by enteroviruses (EV) and parechoviruses (PeV), members of the Picornaviridae family, are associated with various clinical manifestations, including hand, foot, and mouth disease; respiratory illness; myocarditis; meningitis; and sepsis; and can result in death. The genus Enterovirus includes four species of enterovirus (A-D) known to infect humans, and the genus Parechovirus includes one species (A) that infects humans. These species are further divided into types, some of which are associated with specific clinical manifestations. During 2014-2016, a total of 2,967 U.S. cases of EV and PeV infections were reported to the National Enterovirus Surveillance System (NESS). The largest number of reports during that time (2,051) occurred in 2014, when a large nationwide outbreak of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) occurred, accounting for 68% of cases reported to NESS that year (1). Reports to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) during 2014-2016 indicated that circulation of EV peaks annually in the summer and early fall. Because the predominant types of EV and PeV circulating from year to year tend to vary, tracking these trends requires consistent and complete reports from laboratories with the capacity to perform typing.

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Conflict of interest statement

W. Allan Nix and M. Steven Oberste report U.S. patent number 7,247,457 issued for the detection and identification of enteroviruses by seminested amplification of the enterovirus VP1 protein; U.S. patent number 7,714,122 issued for kits used for detecting and identifying enteroviruses using nucleic acid molecules VP1 and VP3; U.S. patent number 8,048,630 issued for methods and agents for detecting parechovirus. W. Allan Nix also reports pending patent for compositions and methods for detecting enterovirus D68, provisional patent application serial no. 62/171,657. No other conflicts of interest were reported.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
States from which enterovirus-positive or parechovirus-positive results were reported, by surveillance system — United States, 2014–2016 Abbreviations: DC = District of Columbia; NESS = National Enterovirus Surveillance System; NREVSS = National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System; PR = Puerto Rico.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Percentage of specimens tested that were enterovirus-positive, by week and testing method used — National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System, United States, 2014–2016 Abbreviation: PCR = polymerase chain reaction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Abedi GR, Watson JT, Pham H, Nix WA, Oberste MS, Gerber SI. Enterovirus and human parechovirus surveillance—United States, 2009–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:940–3. 10.15585/mmwr.mm6434a3 - DOI - PubMed
    1. CDC. Notes from the field: severe hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A6—Alabama, Connecticut, California, and Nevada, November 2011–February 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012;61:213–4. - PubMed
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