The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Subtype on Mortality

Abstract

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the prognostic implications of the clinical subtype of atrial fibrillation (AF): paroxysmal or persistent.

Background: Underlying structural abnormalities of the left atrium may be responsible for the initial clinical presentation of AF in either paroxysmal or persistent form, yet the prognostic implications of the clinical subtype on presentation are unknown.

Methods: Over a median of 7 years, 1,773 patients (age 64 ± 12 years, 74% males) with nonvalvular AF with index presentations for paroxysmal or persistent AF were followed for the occurrence of all-cause mortality. Clinical information including cardiovascular risk factors, comorbid diseases associated with AF, and CHA₂DS₂-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 [double weight], diabetes, stroke [double weight], vascular disease, age 65-74, and sex category [female]) score was collected and analyzed.

Results: In this study, 1,005 patients (57%) had persistent AF. Eighty patients (10%) with paroxysmal AF and 174 patients (17%) with persistent AF died during the follow-up period. Persistent AF compared with paroxysmal AF upon initial AF diagnosis was independently associated with worse survival independent of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score and other high-risk cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio: 1.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.38).

Conclusions: In patients with nonvalvular AF, persistent AF compared with paroxysmal AF upon first diagnosis is independently associated with increased mortality.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation; mortality; prognosis.