Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Polyphenolic-Rich Extract of Syzygium cumini Linn Leaves in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

In this study, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were determined. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) in female Wistar rats. The rats were orally administered with 400 mg/kg free phenol, 400 mg/kg bound phenol, and 5 mg/kg metformin, respectively. On the 14th day of oral administration, the animals were sacrificed, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory were assessed. Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels; homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance scores, lipid peroxidation concentration, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, and all concentrations of anti-inflammatory studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats were significantly ( P < .05) reduced with the administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves. Also there was significant ( P < .05) increase in glycogen and insulin concentrations, pancreatic β-cell scores, antioxidant enzymes and hexokinase activities, as well as glucose transporter levels in diabetic animals administered with polyphenolic-rich extract of S cumini leaves. The results indicate that S cumini leaves possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities.

Keywords: Syzygium cumini leaves; anti-hyperglycemic; anti-inflammatory.

Figure 1.

Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (mg/dL) of alloxan-induced diabetic rats after administration of polyphenol-rich extract of Syzygium cumini. Each value is a mean of 8 determinations ± standard error of mean (SEM). Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Figure 2.

Glycogen level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats after administration of polyphenolic-rich extracts of Syzygium cumini leaves for 14 days. Values are represented as means ± standard error of mean (SEM) of 8 determinations. Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < .05).

Figure 3.

Glycated hemoglobin level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats after administration of polyphenol-rich extract of Syzygium cumini for 14 days. Values are represented as means ± standard error of mean (SEM) of 8 determinations. Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < .05).

Figure 4.

Some carbohydrate metabolic enzymes activities after administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 14 days. Values are represented as means ± standard error of mean (SEM) of 8 determinations. Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < .05).

Figure 5.

Glucose transporter 2 level after administration of polyphenolic-rich extract of Syzygium cumini leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats for 14 days. Values are represented as means ± standard error mean (SEM) of 8 determinations. Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < .05).