Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 May 15;15(5):993.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050993.

Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model

Yu-Ying Liu  1   2 , Jin-Jing Xiao  3   4 , Yun-Yao Fu  5 , Min Liao  6   7 , Hai-Qun Cao  8   9 , Yan-Hong Shi  10   11
Affiliations

Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model

Yu-Ying Liu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Estimating the influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure is a challenge for human health risk assessment. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in cherry tomatoes and contributing factors (digestion time, pH, solid/liquid ratio, and dietary nutrition) using an in vitro test simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. pH had the largest effect on triazolone precipitation in the simulated gastric intestinal juice, which had a significant impact on the bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of triazolone in the intestinal stage was slightly higher than that in the stomach stage, owing to bile salts and pancreatic enzymes present in the intestinal juice. The bioaccessibility of triazolone did not change significantly with digestion time. In the gastric stage, there was a logarithmic relationship between the bioaccessibility and solid/liquid ratio (R² = 0.9941). The addition of oil significantly changed the bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal stage. Protein and dietary fiber only affected bioaccessibility in the stomach stage. Dietary nutrition can reduce the release of pesticides from fruits and vegetables into the stomach, sharply reducing the bioaccessibility, and the dietary exposure of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables can be properly evaluated.

Keywords: Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME); bioaccessibility; cherry tomatoes; risk assessment; triazolone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of gastric phase pH and intestinal phase pH on triazolone bioaccessibility. Results are reported as mean ± SE (calculated from three independent experiments). Different minor case letters mean significant differences of essential oil at a p value of 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of gastric phase and intestinal phase digestion times on triazolone bioaccessibility. Results are reported as mean ± SE (calculated from three independent experiments).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Curve fitting of gastric phase S/L ratio on triazolone bioaccessibility and corresponding correlation coefficients. Results are reported as mean ± SE (calculated from three independent experiments). Fitted curves were plotted using the GraphPad Prism 7 software.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of oil, protein, and dietary fiber in the gastric phase and intestinal phase on triazolone bioaccessibility. Results are reported as mean ± SE (calculated from three independent experiments). CK means that the cherry tomatoes samples were prepared with triazolone but not added oil. The asterisks indicate significant differences in the bioaccessibility (* p value < 0.05 and ** p value < 0.01).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Fosu P.O., Donkor A., Ziwu C., Dubey B., Kingsford-Adaboh R., Asante I., Nyarko S., Tawiah R., Nazzah N. Surveillance of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables from accra metropolis markets, ghana, 2010–2012: A case study in sub-saharan africa. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2017;24:1–19. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9287-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wu L., Zhou X., Zhao D., Feng T., Zhou J., Sun T., Wang J., Wang C. Seasonal variation and exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables from xinjiang uygur autonomous region of china during 2010–2014. J. Food Compos. Anal. 2016;58:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.12.025. - DOI
    1. Han Y., Liu S., Yang J., Zhong Z., Zou N., Song L., Zhang X., Li X., Pan C. Residue behavior and processing factors of eight pesticides during the production of sorghum distilled spirits. Food Control. 2016;69:250–255. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.017. - DOI
    1. Yadav I.C., Devi N.L., Syed J.H., Cheng Z., Li J., Zhang G., Jones K.C. Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India. Sci. Total Environ. 2015;511:123–137. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.041. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kim J.H., Choi S.G., Kwon Y.S., Hong S.M., Seo J.S. Development of cabbage reference material for multi-residue pesticide analysis. Appl. Biol. Chem. 2018;61:15–23. doi: 10.1007/s13765-017-0336-2. - DOI

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources