Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Book

Dyspnea

Muhammad F. Hashmi  1 , Pranav Modi  2 , Hajira Basit  3 , Sandeep Sharma  4
In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
.
Affiliations
Free Books & Documents
Book

Dyspnea

Muhammad F. Hashmi et al.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Dyspnea, commonly referred to as shortness of breath, is the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing comprised of various sensations of varying intensity. It is a common symptom impacting millions of people and maybe the primary manifestation respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychogenic, systemic illness, or a combination of these. Dyspnea can be either acute or chronic with acute occurring over hours to days and chronic occurring for more than 4 to 8 weeks.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Muhammad Hashmi declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Pranav Modi declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Hajira Basit declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Sandeep Sharma declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

References

    1. Lee SH, Yeo Y, Kim TH, Lee HL, Lee JH, Park YB, Park JS, Kim YH, Song JW, Jhun BW, Kim HJ, Park J, Uh ST, Kim YW, Kim DS, Park MS, Korean Interstitial Lung Diseases Study Group Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Part 2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2019 Apr;82(2):102-117. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patel PH, Mirabile VS, Sharma S. StatPearls [Internet] StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): 2023. May 1, Wheezing(Archived) - PubMed
    1. Brinkman JE, Toro F, Sharma S. StatPearls [Internet] StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): 2023. Jun 5, Physiology, Respiratory Drive. - PubMed
    1. Zhang L, Ai T, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Hypoplasia of the left lung presenting as hemoptysis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(4):e14077. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mejia R, Ward J, Lentine T, Mahler DA. Target dyspnea ratings predict expected oxygen consumption as well as target heart rate values. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 May;159(5 Pt 1):1485-9. - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources