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Review
. 2017 Sep 13;4(4):ofx196.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofx196. eCollection 2017 Fall.

Experience with Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome in a Large Urban HIV Clinic in the United States: Case Series and Literature Review

Valeria D Cantos  1 , Aley G Kalapila  1 , Minh Ly Nguyen  1 , Marylyn Adamski  2 , Clifford J Gunthel  1
Affiliations
Review

Experience with Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome in a Large Urban HIV Clinic in the United States: Case Series and Literature Review

Valeria D Cantos et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. .

Abstract

In 2010, a new entity, characterized by the classical signs and symptoms of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric Castleman's disease (KSHV-MCD) in the absence of pathologic evidence of MCD, was described in individuals living with HIV. This syndrome was named KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). It carries mortality rates of up to 60%. To date, there are no standard therapies. Treatment regimens studied in clinical trials for MCD disease are used in cases of KICS.

Keywords: HIV; KICS; KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Computed tomography of abdomen/pelvis (case 1). (A) Splenomegaly (red circle) and lymphadenopathy (black arrows). (B) Vertebral lytic lesions (black arrows).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus life cycle. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus is predominantly in a latent phase, where its genome is found as an episome. Only a few genes are expressed, most of them to optimize cell survival. Intermittently, the episome “opens up” and the virus enters a lytic phase, during which hundreds of lytic genes are expressed in order to produce viral progeny. LANA, latency-associated nuclear antigen; v-Cyclin, viral Cyclin; miRNA, microRNA; RTA, replication and transcription activator; v-IL6, viral interleukin. Figure inspired by Purushothaman et al. [30].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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