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. 2018 Mar 26:2018:7918034.
doi: 10.1155/2018/7918034. eCollection 2018.

Effects of Platycodin D on Reflux Esophagitis due to Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Systems

Su-Yeon Cho  1 , Chang-Hyun Song  2   3 , Ji-Eun Lee  2   3 , Seong Hun Choi  2 , Sae-Kwang Ku  2   3 , Soo-Jin Park  2   3
Affiliations

Effects of Platycodin D on Reflux Esophagitis due to Modulation of Antioxidant Defense Systems

Su-Yeon Cho et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Aims: The effects of platycodin D (PD) pretreatment were examined in reflux esophagitis (RE) induced rats.

Methods: Sham, control, and omeprazole (OMP) group were pretreated with distilled water or OMP as a reference, respectively, and PD pretreated groups were given 3 different PD doses once a day for 7 days. One hour after last pretreatment, RE was induced by ligation of the forestomach and pylorus. At 8 h after operation, all animals were sacrificed.

Results: PD showed significant dose-dependent reduction of gastric secretion, myeloperoxidase activity, and RE lesion areas of esophagus and stomach mucosa. There was a reduction of lipid peroxidation in 2 doses of PD groups and elevation of antioxidant enzyme activity in all PD groups. Gastric hexose and sialic acid were significantly increased in PD groups, while collagen was reduced. Plasma histamine levels were significantly reduced in all PD groups, but not in the OMP group. Total invasive lesion sizes of esophagus and gastric fundus were significantly decreased in all PD groups. Thicknesses in esophagus of all PD groups were significantly decreased and thicknesses of funds were significantly increased except lowest PD dose.

Conclusions: Therapeutic effects of PD on the esophageal and gastric lesions were shown in RE induced rats dose-dependently. The PD pretreatment had significant antioxidant effects with regulation of histamine levels. This study provides useful information regarding the effectiveness of the drug for RE and further novel drug discovery using natural herbal products.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sham surgery (a) or reflux esophagitis induction surgery by ligation of the forestomach and pylorus (b).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Macroscopic appearance of esophageal and gastric mucosa in pretreatment groups. Panels: (a) sham, (b) control, (c) OMP, (d) PD 200, (e) PD 100, and (f): PD50. Compared to sham (a), severe focal lesions with hemorrhage and ulcer exhibited in the esophageal and gastric mucosa of control (b). However, the macroscopic lesions were dose-dependently reduced by treatment with OMP (c) or PD (d, e, f). PD: platycodin D, OMP: omeprazole.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of platycodin D on lesion area in the esophageal and gastric mucosa. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of eight rats; PD: platycodin D, OMP: omeprazole. #P < 0.01 compared with sham; ∗P < 0.01 compared with control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of platycodin D on myeloperoxidase activity. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of eight rats; #P < 0.01 compared with sham; ∗P < 0.01 compared with control. PD: platycodin D, OMP: omeprazole.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of platycodin D on levels of plasma histamine. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of eight rats. PD: platycodin D, OMP: omeprazole. #P < 0.01 compared with sham; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 compared with control.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Histopathological analyses of invasive lesions and total organ wall thickness. The panels show representative histopathological profiles of a hematoxylin-eosin stain of the esophagus and gastric fundus in sham or RE induced rats. Panels: (a) sham, (b) control, (c) OMP, (d) PD 200, (e) PD 100, and (f) PD50. Histopathological analysis showed severe focal lesions with hemorrhage (black arrow), ulcer (circle), and edematous changes (dashed line circle) in the esophagus and gastric fundus of control compared with sham. However, the lesions were notably reduced by treatment with each of the 3 doses of PD compared with control; PD: platycodin D; OMP: omeprazole; LU: lumen; EP: epithelium; MU: mucosa; MS: muscular layer; Scale bars = 80 μm.
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