Rheumatoid arthritis: new monoclonal antibodies

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated condition which primarily affects the joints, but with critical extra-articular manifestations, including a significantly increased cardiovascular risk. Patients suffering from RA can develop deforming and disabling alterations of the affected joints. Their quality of life can be substantially affected, and their life expectancy is shorter compared to that of healthy subjects. Fortunately, several pathogenic mechanisms characterizing RA have been identified, leading to the development of targeted drugs. Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were the first developed among biological medications and they dramatically changed the therapeutic perspectives of RA patients. Now, 20 years after the licensing of etanercept (the first anti-TNF drug), more than 10 different biological agents have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Additionally, more and more drugs are under investigation in clinical trials. This review will focus on the more recently approved monoclonal antibodies and the more promising antibodies under investigation.

Keywords: Anti-IL-6, -IL-17, -CD20 monoclonal antibodies; Clazakizumab; Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; Ixekizumab; Mavrilimumab; Ocrelizumab; Ofatumumab; Olokizumab; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sarilumab; Secukinumab; Sirukumab; TNF inhibitors; Tocilizumab.