Hsp70 and gama-Semino protein as possible prognostic marker of prostate cancer

Abstract

In the United States, Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men. PCa resulted in abnormal growth and function of prostate gland such as secretion of high level of gamma-seminoprotein (gama-SM)/Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) which could be detected in the blood. Beside gama-SM protein, the levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) were also observed significantly high. Therefore, gama-SM and Hsp70 are unique proteins with high potential for PCa therapeutics and diagnostics. High level of Hsp70 suppresses apoptosis, thus allowing PCa cells to exist; however, depletion of Hsp70 induces apoptosis in PCa cells. Gama-SM is the most prominent biomarker for PCa screening; however, its accuracy is still questionable. Thus, a more suitable streamline biomarker for PCa screening is urgently needed. Hsp70 and gama-SM proteins could be used as a revolutionary biomarker for PCa, and could help to identify possible therapeutic target(s). In this review article we will discuss the relationship between the Hsp70 and gama-SM proteins with PCa, their potential as a dual biomarker, and the possibility for both proteins being used as therapeutic targets.

Figure 1

Visual flow chart summarizing how Hsp70 regulates PCa tumor related signaling pathways, and thus inhibits apoptosis and senescence, therefore aiding in tumor growth and proliferation.

Figure 2

A brief visual summary of the relationship between the synthesis of Hsp70 and stress stimuli. As previously established that the expression of Hsp70 is necessary for tumor growth and survival, the diagram demonstrates how the induction of Hsp70 after stress stimuli can modulate cell death pathway.