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. 2018 May;14(5):708-714.
doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Mar 8.

Mechanisms in bariatric surgery: Gut hormones, diabetes resolution, and weight loss

Jens Juul Holst  1 , Sten Madsbad  2 , Kirstine N Bojsen-Møller  2 , Maria Saur Svane  2 , Nils Bruun Jørgensen  2 , Carsten Dirksen  2 , Christoffer Martinussen  2
Affiliations

Mechanisms in bariatric surgery: Gut hormones, diabetes resolution, and weight loss

Jens Juul Holst et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018 May.

Abstract

Gastric bypass surgery leads to profound changes in the secretion of gut hormones with effects on metabolism, appetite, and food intake. Here, we discuss their contributions to the improvement in glucose tolerance and the weight loss that results from the operations. We find that the improved glucose tolerance is due the following events: a negative energy balance and resulting weight loss, which improve first hepatic and later peripheral insulin sensitivity, in combination with increased postprandial insulin secretion elicited particularly by exaggerated glucagon-like peptide-1 responses. The weight loss is due to loss of appetite resulting in reduced energy intake, and we find it probable that this process is driven by exaggerated secretion of appetite-regulating gut hormones including, but probably not limited to, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide-YY. The increased secretion is due to an accelerated exposure to and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. This places the weight loss and the gut hormones in key positions with respect to the metabolic improvements after bypass surgery.

Keywords: Carbohydrate absorption; GLP-1; Insulin resistance; PYY; Paracetamol absorption; Protein absorption.

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Figures

FiAU: Please include a caption for Fig. 1.g. 1
Fig. 1
Timeline of important mechanisms in weight loss and diabetes resolution after RYGB.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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