Inflammatory patterns in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndrome: A propensity score matched analysis

Abstract

Background and aims: Systemic inflammatory activation can be observed in both Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study was therefore to compare circulating cytokine levels during the acute and subacute phase of TTC and ACS.

Methods: One hundred thirty-six consecutive patients were enrolled in the study; after a propensity score matching, 32 TTC patients were compared with 32 subjects with ACS. Clinical baseline features and circulating levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, MCP1, EGF, VEGF, TNFα were obtained at admission (t₀) and after 120 h (t₁).

Results: At t₀, several circulating IL levels were higher in subjects with TTC (IL-2 2 vs. 0.5 pg/ml, IL-4 1.5 vs. 0.82 pg/ml, IL-10 3.34 vs. 1.62 pg/ml, TNF-α 5 vs. 2.3 pg/ml, IFN-γ 0.92 vs. 0.32 pg/ml, EGF 84.8 vs. 10.7 pg/ml, p < 0.05 in all cases), while IL-6 levels were higher in patients with ACS (25.4 vs. 12.4 pg/ml p = 0.03). At t_1, IL-2 and EGF levels were still higher in patients with TTC vs. those with ACS (IL-2 4.6 vs. 0.72 pg/ml, p = 0.01; EGF 36.3 vs. 18.5 pg/ml, p = 0.03), while IL-6 serum levels were higher in ACS patients (19.6 vs. 7.35 pg/ml, p = 0.02).

Conclusions: Different inflammatory patterns can be observed during the acute and subacute phase of TTC when compared to ACS. Increased levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins can be found during the acute phase of TTC while ACS is featured by higher levels of IL-6 during the acute and sub-acute phase.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Inflammation; Interleukins; Prognosis; Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.