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. 2018 May 13:9:2041731418776514.
doi: 10.1177/2041731418776514. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.

Intra-articular biomaterials-assisted delivery to treat temporomandibular joint disorders

Khandmaa Dashnyam  1   2 , Jung-Hwan Lee  1   3 , Nandin Mandakhbayar  1   2 , Guang-Zhen Jin  1   3 , Hae-Hyoung Lee  1   3 , Hae-Won Kim  1   2   3
Affiliations

Intra-articular biomaterials-assisted delivery to treat temporomandibular joint disorders

Khandmaa Dashnyam et al. J Tissue Eng. .

Abstract

The temporomandibular joint disorder, also known as myofascial pain syndrome, is considered one of the prevalent chronic pain diseases caused by muscle inflammation and cartilage degradation in head and neck, and thus influences even biopsychosocial conditions in a lifetime. There are several current treatment methodologies relieving inflammation and preventing degradation of the joint complex. One of the promising non-surgical treatment methods is an intra-articular injection of drugs such as corticosteroids, analgesics, and anti-depressants. However, the side effects of drugs due to frequent injections and over-doses, including dizziness, dry mouth, and possible drug dependency are considered limitations. Thus, the delivery of therapeutic molecules through the use of nano/microparticles is currently considered as a promising strategy primarily due to the controlled release. This review highlights the nano/microparticle systems for effective intra-articular therapeutics delivery to prevent cartilage degradation and protect subchondral bone in a temporomandibular joint.

Keywords: Temporomandibular joint; intra-articular injection; myofascial pain syndrome; nano/microparticles; temporomandibular joint disorder; therapeutics delivery.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
(a) Schematic image of the anatomical structure of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the most common target sites for treating temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The image shows components of normal joint anatomy, including the articular disk of TMJ, mandibular fossa, the head of the mandibular condyle, lateral pterygoid muscle, and TMJ capsule enclosing the disk. (b) TMD morphology; the head of the mandibular condyle and the articular disk lose their structures and functions. Intra-articular injection: injection with syringe and needle can deliver proper biomolecules into TMJ capsule for treating TMD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Nano and microparticles have the potential to deliver various biomolecules and drugs and act intracellularly or extracellularly depending on the particle size.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Intra-articular stem cell delivery with nano/microparticles for accelerating the regeneration of damaged TMJ.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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