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Review
. 2018 Aug;75(16):2981-2989.
doi: 10.1007/s00018-018-2839-3. Epub 2018 May 22.

MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity

Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar  1   2 , Xin Li  1   2 , Yuelin Zhang  3
Affiliations
Review

MAP kinase signalling: interplays between plant PAMP- and effector-triggered immunity

Karen Thulasi Devendrakumar et al. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2018 Aug.

Abstract

In plants, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in regulating many biological processes including immunity. They relay signals from membrane-residing immune receptors to downstream components for defense activation. Arabidopsis MPK3/6 and MPK4 are activated in two parallel MAPK cascades during PAMP-triggered immunity. MPK3/6 have been implicated in the activation of various immune responses and their inactivation leads to compromised defense against pathogens. On the other hand, the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade plays critical roles in basal resistance. Disruption of this MAPK cascade results in constitutive defense responses mediated by the NB-LRR protein SUMM2. Interestingly, SUMM2 guards the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade activity indirectly through monitoring the phosphorylation status of CRCK3, which is a substrate of MPK4. From the pathogens' side, a number of effectors are shown to target various components of MAPK cascades in plants. Inactivation of MPK4 by the Pseudomonas effector HopAI1 triggers SUMM2-mediated immunity. Together, these findings suggest intricate interplays between PAMP-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity via MAPK signaling.

Keywords: CRCK3; Effector-triggered immunity; MAPK cascade; MPK3; MPK4; MPK6; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; PAMP-triggered immunity; SUMM2.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
MAP kinase pathways downstream of pattern recognition receptors in Arabidopsis. Perception of PAMPs (e.g. flg22 and elf18) by their cognate receptors triggers activation of downstream MAPK cascades, which play diverse roles in promoting plant defense against pathogens. To suppress immune responses activated by MAPKs, pathogens secret effectors such as HopF2 and HopAI1 to inhibit MAPK signaling. Inhibition of MPK4 kinase activity by HopAI1 leads to reduced phosphorylation of CRCK3, resulting in the activation of SUMM2-mediated immunity. Dashed lines indicate unknown signalling events while solid lines illustrate demonstrated protein–protein interactions
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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