Abdominal lymphatic malformations

Abstract

Background: Abdominal lymphatic malformations (LM) are relatively rare findings in the differential diagnosis of focal abdominal lesions; however, they represent a challenge especially in younger patients. The aim of this review article is to provide up-to-date information about the different kinds of LM manifestations. In addition, related syndromes and typical imaging features to facilitate the diagnosis are discussed.

Results: The clinical presentation of abdominal LM is unspecific, whereby most are asymptomatic and comprise incidental findings of thin-walled cystic masses anywhere in the abdomen. The fluid in the cystic masses may be proteinaceous, contain blood, or be infected. Radiological imaging features overlap with other cystic diseases; hallmark in LM is a lack of a solid component and exclusive enhancement of the walls and septa.

Conclusion: In cystic abdominal masses in early childhood or young adults, abdominal LM must be taken into account by the radiologist. Newly defined entities in this spectrum of diseases are central conducting lymphatic anomaly (CCLA) and generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA).

Keywords: Central conducting lymphatic anomaly; Cystic masses; Differential diagnosis; Imaging features; Lymphatic malformation.