Biomarker Discovery in Cardio-Oncology

Abstract

Purpose of review: In this article, we review current and emerging approaches to biomarker discovery to facilitate early diagnosis of cancer therapy-associated cardiovascular toxicity.

Recent findings: Although small studies have demonstrated an association between established biomarkers of cardiac injury (troponins and brain natriuretic peptide) and acute or subacute cardiotoxicity, there is insufficient evidence to support their use in routine clinical care. Preclinical studies to define the molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, as well as the use of unbiased "omics" techniques in small patient cohorts, have yielded promising candidate biomarkers that have the potential to enrich current risk stratification algorithms. New biomarkers of cardiotoxicity have the potential to improve patient outcomes in cardio-oncology. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical relevance of molecular mechanisms described in animal models. Similarly, findings from "omics" platforms require validation in large patient cohorts before they can be incorporated into everyday practice.

Keywords: Biomarker; Cardio-oncology; Cardiotoxicity; Genomics; Metabolomics; Proteomics.