Nail or plate fixation for A3 trochanteric hip fractures: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Abstract

Continuing controversy exists for the choice of implant for treating A3 trochanteric hip fractures so we undertook a systematic review of randomised controlled trials from the year 2000 onwards that have compared an intramedullary nail with an extramedullary fixation implant for the treatment of these fractures. Data on the occurrence of any fracture healing complications was extracted and the results combined to calculate Peto odd ratio. Nine studies involving 370 fractures were identified. Three studies involving 105 fractures compared an intramedullary nail with a static fixation (condylar, blade or locking plate). Plate fixation was associated with a fivefold increase risk of fracture healing complications (19/52(36.6%) versus 4/53(7.5%), odds ratio 0.14, 95% Confidence intervals 0.04-0.45). Six studies involving 265 fractures compared an intramedullary nail with a sliding hip screw. No statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of facture healing complications between implants (13/137(9.5%) versus 11/128(8.6%) odds ratio 0.28, 95% Confidence intervals 0.50-2.80). Bases on the evidence to date from randomised trials, the use of fixed nail plates for surgical fixation of this type of fracture cannot be justified. Intramedullary nail fixation and the sliding hip screw have comparable fracture healing complication rates.

Keywords: Hip fracture; Internal fixation; Systematic review.