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. 2018 Jun;31(3):268-273.
Epub 2018 May 23.

Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia: clinical and microbiological features in a 10-year case series

E Pérez Barragán, J Sandino Pérez, L Corbella, M A Orellana, M Fernández-Ruiz  1
Affiliations

Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia: clinical and microbiological features in a 10-year case series

E Pérez Barragán et al. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2018 Jun.

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Objective: The treatment of Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia is challenged by antimicrobial resistance and the paucity of data. We aimed at offering a contemporary description of this uncommon entity.

Methods: Retrospective case series of 13 episodes of A. xylosoxidans bacteremia diagnosed over a 10-year period (November 2007 to May 2017) in our tertiary care center.

Results: Solid organ cancer and heart failure were the most common comorbidities (4/13 [30.7%]). All but one episodes were hospital-acquired. Most patients had received previous antibiotic therapy (7/13 [53.8%]) and had a central venous catheter in place (6/13 [46.1%]). Primary and intravascular catheter were the most common sources (4/13 [30.7%] each). Meropenem was the agent with best in vitro activity (92.3% [12/13] of susceptible isolates). All-cause 30-day mortality (overall 23.1%) was higher in patients with primary bacteremia (50.0% vs. 11.1%; P-value=0.203) and prior chemotherapy (66.7% vs. 10.0%; P-value=0.108).

Conclusions: Bacteremia due to A. xylosoxidans constitutes a serious infection among immunocompromised hosts. Carbapenem-based therapy may be appropriate in most cases.

Objetivo: El abordaje de la bacteriemia por Achromobacter xylosoxidans se ve dificultado por la presencia de resistencias y la escasez de estudios en la literatura. Pretendemos ofrecer una descripción contemporánea de esta infrecuente entidad.

Pacientes y métodos: Serie retrospectiva de 13 episodios de bacteriemia por A. xylosoxidans diagnosticados en un centro de tercer nivel a lo largo de 10 años (noviembre de 2007 a mayo de 2017).

Resultados: La neoplasia de órgano sólido y la insuficiencia cardíaca fueron las comorbilidades más frecuentes (4/13 [30,7%]). Todos los episodios (excepto uno) fueron nosocomiales. La mayor parte de los pacientes había recibido tratamiento antibiótico (7/13 [53,8%]) y eran portadores de un catéter venoso central (6/13 [46,1%]). Predominaron las bacteriemias primarias y las asociadas a catéter intravascular (4/13 [30,7%]). Meropenem fue el agente con mejor actividad (92,3% [12/13] de aislados susceptibles). La mortalidad a los 30 días (23,1% globalmente) fue mayor en pacientes con bacteriemia primaria (50,0% vs. 11,1%; P=0,203) y quimioterapia previa (66,7% vs. 10,0%; P=0,108).

Conclusiones: La bacteriemia por A. xylosoxidans constituye una complicación grave en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Las pautas basadas en carbapenémicos pueden ser eficaces en la mayor parte de los casos.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Incidence rates of Achromobacter xylosoxidans at our centre across the 10 years encompassed by the study period.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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