A Multilevel Analysis of the determinants of emergency care visits by the elderly in France

Abstract

Background: Rising numbers of visits to emergency departments (EDs), especially amongst the elderly, is a source of pressure on hospitals and on the healthcare system. This study aims to establish the determinants of ED visits in France at a territorial level with a focus on the impact of ambulatory care organisation on ED visits by older adults aged 65 years and over.

Methods: We use multilevel regressions to analyse how the organisation of healthcare provision at municipal and wider 'department' levels impacts ED utilisation by the elderly while controlling for the local demographic, socioeconomic and health context of the area in which patients live.

Results: ED visits vary significantly by health context and economic level of municipalities. Controlling for demand-side factors, ED rates by the elderly are lower in areas where accessibility to primary care is high, measured as availability of primary care professionals, out-of-hours care and home visits in an area. Proximity (distance) and size of ED are drivers of ED use.

Conclusion: High rates of ED visits are partly linked to inadequate accessibility of health services provided in ambulatory settings. Redesigning ambulatory care at local level, in particular by improving accessibility and continuity of primary and social care services for older adults could reduce ED visits and, therefore, improve the efficient use of available healthcare resources.

Keywords: Elderly care; Emergency visits; Multilevel modelling; Primary care organization.